Privatization, Unemployment and Subsidy

transition, privatization, unemployment

On the heavy quark mass expansion for the operator Qbar gamma_5 Q and the charm content of eta, eta'

Recently in the context of studies of the intrinsic charm content of the nucleon and of the eta' meson two groups have arrived at different results for the 1/m^3 term of the heavy quark expansion for operator $\bar Q\gamma_5Q$ differing by the factor of six. We show that the form of both results violates certain general conditions. Using the expression for the axial anomaly with the finite Pauli-Villars regularization we obtain a new expression for 1/m^3 term of the heavy quark expansion for $\bar Q\gamma_5 Q$. With this new result we obtain an estimate for the constant f_{\eta'}^{(c)}=-2 MeV.Comment: 4 page

Does Nepal’s Climate Change Adaptation Policy and Practices Address Poor and Vulnerable Communities?

Climate change (CC) impact, adaptation practices and policies are an emerging area of research and development in Nepal. Many households were deeply affected by, climatic variability and natural disasters coupled with a decade-long conflict, leaving them with few options to cope with CC in Nepal. The study was done through reviewed CC related policies and programs initiated at the national to local level.  Additionally, study was conducted to analyze different CC adaptation programs and practices in different eco-region from Himalaya to Inner Terai region of center and western Nepal through shared learning dialogue, field observation, key informant interview, regional and district level consultative workshop and focus group discussion. To address the issues of CC, different government and nongovernment institutions have initiated its adaptation programs in Nepal. NAPA and LAPA- Nepal highlighted the adaptation practices and adaptation framework from national to local level. These national programs initiatives have been endorsed by the GoN (Government of Nepal) through the promulgation of CC Policy Nepal 2011.  The policy has focused on interdisciplinary approach with 80% funds allocated at the local level particularly for poor and vulnerable groups. Some district level offices have initiated CC adaptation activities such as construction of water harvesting pond for irrigation, water source protection, agroforestry practices and training on CC adaptation and mitigation. Similarly, in some project supported districts, community level and VDC level five year local adaptation plans have been prepared. However, it is observed that there is a big gap in institutional arrangement, capacity to implement and mechanisms for adaptation programs at local level and poor communities. It was also observed that different GOs programs and NGOs were involved to improve the livelihood of the poor and vulnerable communities through pro-poor programs at local level which resulted improve CC adaptation capacity. It is suggested that CC policy in Nepal be formulated with holistic approach, institutionalized implementing mechanism and focus on livelihood improvement of the poor and vulnerable communities that have joint environmental, social or economic benefits. Keywords:  Community, Institutions, NAPA, no-regret approach, LAPA, Livelihood, Vulnerabilit

ARDUINO BASED AUTONOMOUS FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT

There are many possibilities a fire can start in an industrial area or in any remote area. For example, in textile mills, gas storages, etc., electric leakages can lead to huge damage. Also, it’s a worst-case scenario, causing heavy losses not only financially but it also can destroy areas surrounding it. Robots can protect human lives and their wealth and surroundings. The aim is to design a “AURDINO BASED AUTONOMOUS FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT” using embedded system. A robot is capable of fighting and helps in extinguishing fire. It must be able to autonomously navigate through floor plan while actively scanning for a flame. The robot can even act as a path guider in normal case and can act as a fire extinguisher in emergency. Robots designed to find a flame, before it reaches out ofcontrol, can one day work with fire-fighters greatly reducing the risk of injury to victims. The project will help in generating innovations in the fields of robotics while working towards a practical and obtainable solution to save lives and to reduce the risk of property damage.With the development in the field of robotics, human intrusion has become less and robots are being widely used for safety purpose. In our day-to-day lives,fire accidents have become common and sometimes may lead to hazards that make it hard for the firemen to protect human life. In such cases, a fire fighting robot is used to guard human lives, wealth and surroundings from fire accidents

An investigation of neural networks for aerodynamic predictions

This work proposes a novel multi-output neural network for the prediction of the lift coefficient of aerofoils using inviscid compressible flow data. Contrary to existing neural networks that are designed to predict aerodynamic quantities of interest, the proposed network considers as output the pressure at a number of selected points on the aerofoil surface. The proposed approach is compared against the more traditional network where the lift coefficient is directly the only output of the network. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the proposed neural network against the popular proper orthogonal decomposition method is presented. The numerical results, involving high dimensional problems with flow and geometric parameters, show the benefits of the proposed approach

Local people\u27s perception on Climate Change, its impact and adaptation practices in Himalaya to Terai regions of Nepal

The study showed that average temperature has increased from 0.6 to 0.980 C over the last 30 years and precipitation is characterized by large inter-annual variability with substantial decrease in amount over the last five years. The annual temperature increasing trend followed 0.055\u3e0.0455\u3e0.035\u3e0.02 0C yr-1 from Middle Mountain, Siwlik, Himalayan and Teari regions respectively. More than 80 percent HHs responded that they have perceived increased temperature and expressed low amount snowfall in High mountain and rainfall in Mid mountain and Terai region over the last five years. Low amount of snow fall in the Himalayan region affected to the Nomad groups due low grass available to feed their livestock. Furthermore, local collector reported that there was lower availability of the medicinal plant such as Nirmasi and Jimbu due to low precipitation in the High mountain region. Similarly, more than 75 % respondent explored that monsoon has started one or two weeks later and increased the more number of drought days in the Mid-mountain and Terai. Study found that there was also decreased in water sources, ground water, and increased siltation and sedimentation in the downstream Terai region. Furthermore, change in flowering and fruiting time in some species, increased invade species like Agerative spp, Lantana camera in the farm land as well as forest land. Adaptation measures such as use of water source, community forest management, planting trees and grasses in the farm land, crop diversification were practiced by local people in their farm land as well as communal land. Natural resource degradation, poverty are already severe problems in this region, and there will be more severe problems in future if present scenario continues, particularly because small farmers do not have adequate resources to adopt to cope with CC impact. Study showed that Mid-mountain region is less vulnerable through climate change than other regions. Furthermore, no any policies and programs have been formulated for adaptation strateragy in this region. It is suggested that policy and program should formulate holistic approach and develop low cost technology for adaption to CC impact and improve livelihood of the local communities

Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Properties of Laser-Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated Water Atomized 25Cr7Ni Stainless Steel

25Cr7Ni stainless steel (super duplex stainless steels) exhibits a duplex microstructure of ferrite and austenite, resulting in an excellent combination of high strength and corrosion resistance. However, Laser-Powder Bed Fusion fabrication of a water-atomized 25Cr7Ni stainless steel of novel chemical composition resulted in a purely ferritic microstructure and over 5% porosity. The current study investigated the effects of two hot isostatic pressing parameters on the physical, mechanical, and corrosion properties as well as microstructures of water-atomized 25Cr7Ni stainless steel of novel composition fabricated by L-PBF for the first time in the literature. The corrosion behaviour was studied using linear sweep voltammetry in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The Hot Isostatic Pressing-treated sample achieved over 98% densification with a corresponding reduction in porosity to less than 0.1% and about 3 similar to 4% in annihilation of dislocation density. A duplex microstructure of ferrite 60% and austenite 40%was observed in the X-Ray Diffraction and etched metallography of the HIP-treated samples from a purely ferritic microstructure prior to the HIP treatment. With the evolution of austenite phase, the HIP-treated samples recorded a decrease in Ultimate Tensile Strength, yield strength, and hardness in comparison with as-printed samples. The variation in the morphology of the evolved austenite grains in the HIP-treated samples was observed to have a significant effect on the elongation. With a reduction in porosity and the evolution of the austenite phase, the HIP-treated samples showed a higher corrosion resistance in comparison with the as-printed samples