Use of Emoji in Pain Level Assessment in Pediatric Dental Patients

USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. The proposed Emoji scale was preferred by 86% of enrolled children (n=151). Children rated their pain the same on the two scales 78% of the time indicating a weak overall agreement between the two scales as defined by Cohen’s Kappa (k=0.5863, 95% CI: 0.47-0.70). In the instances of disagreement, 82% were within one image on the pain scale. There was a roughly even split between which scale corresponded to the higher pain level (56% Wong-Baker was higher and 44% Emoji was rated higher). Conclusions: A majority of the patients surveyed presented with no pain. The Emoji scale showed moderate agreement with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. A majority of the patients preferred the Emoji scale demonstrating the strong communicative utility of Emoji

Wayang Wong dalam Upacara Dewa Yadnya di Mrajan Gde Griya Penida, Desa Batuagung, Kabupaten Jembrana

Tari Wayang Wong merupakan kesenian yang disakralkan yang mana semua penarinya memakai tapel. Dalam pementasan, Tari Wayang Wong merupakan tari wali, dengan demikian bentuk penokohan dan struktur rangkaian pertunjukan menyesuaikan dengan tingkatan upacara yadnya. Dalam bentuk busana tari, Wayang Wong tetap menggunakan busana tradisional namun ada beberapa yang disesuiakan dengan busana kreasi sekarang seperti penggunaan gelung, kain prada. Sedangkan gerak tarinya memiliki ciri khusus dan  unik yang tidak dimiliki oleh Wayang Wong yang ada dibeberapa daerah di Bali. Rangkaian pementasan Tari Wayang Wong Dalam upacara Dewa Yadnya di Mrajan Gde Griya Penida desa Batuagung pada tingkat utama, biasanya Wayang Wong dipentaskan dengan rangkaian yaitu dari ngebejian, pentas satu babak sampai dengan Wayang Wong melaksanakan ngidergita. Tabuh yang digunakan adalah gamelan bebatelan Ramayana dengan dipentaskan pada tempat di utama mandala atau tempat dipekarangan yang luas.&nbsp

The Growing Influence of Immigrants on American Politics

Reviewing: Tom K. Wong, The Politics of Immigration: Partisanship, Demographic Change, and American National Identit

Synthesis and Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,2-Dimethylene- and 1,2,9,10-Tetramethylene-[2.2]paracyclophane: New Routes to Bridge-Anellated[2.2]Paracyclophanedienes

The title compounds 8 and 1 have been synthesized in three steps each from 1,2-dibromo[2.2]paracyclophan-1-ene (2) and 1,2,9,10-tetrabromo[2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene (4), respectively. Copper-mediated coupling of vinyl bromides 2 and 4 with methyl- and phenylmagnesium bromide gives substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes 3-CH3, 3-Ph, 5-CH3, and 5-Ph in good yields. The high reactivity of the [2.2]paracyclophane-1,2-dimethylene moieties in 8 and 1 in Diels-Alder reactions has been verified in cycloadditions with p-benzoquinone to give 10 and 13 and with naphthalene 1,4-endoxide to yield 12