Evaluation of efficacy of pregabalin as premedication for post-operative analgesia in open appendicectomy

Background: Pregabalin is gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) structural analogue, effectively used in management of different neuropathic pain, incisional and inflammatory injuries. Current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin 75 mg with a placebo as premedication for post-operative analgesia in patients posted for open Appendicectomy under regional anesthesia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing open Appendicectomy under regional anesthesia. The patients were divided in two groups of 45 each: group C (placebo); group P (75 mg pregabalin), drug was administered orally 60 minutes before surgery. The Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) was used for assessment of sedation and the visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine pain at rest and cough, along with assessment of time required for rescue analgesics on the first post-operative day. Results: The RSS scores were significantly higher in groups P as compared to the controls (p<0.001). Postoperative VAS scores for pain both at rest and on cough were significantly reduced in group P (p<0.001). Rescue analgesic consumption decreased significantly in group P (p<0.001). The time at which first dose of rescue analgesia administered was 4.50±3.04 hours in group C, 10.90±5.37 hours in group P (p<0.001). Conclusions: Pregabalin as premedication prolong the postoperative analgesia in addition to decreased consumption of analgesics

HISTORIC REVIEW ON MODERN HERBAL NANOGEL FORMULATION AND DELIVERY METHODS

Chemistry deals with herbal constituents are often coined as phytochemistry. Herbal constituents have profound improvements in drug discovery for several existing diseases. Many of these constituents are restricted from pharmaceutical discoveries due to two important reasons: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. There are many new technological strategies and comparisons have been studied to improve the herbal discoveries in the pharmaceutical market. This review paper will highlight historical evidence of nanogels which is the most important strategy applied to several herbal medicines with high patience compliance, delivery rate, and efficiency. Nanogels are nanoparticles combined with cross-linked polymer networks with desirable features to carry hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs in a more stable condition. Nanogels are highly preferred substances for herbal medicine in terms of stability and rapid response to the external stimuli factors. Nanogel can facilitate the herbal products with higher cellular penetration than existing and hence, it proves to be the new dimension for both oral and transdermal drug delivery for several unmet diseases like cancer, diabetes, and chronic disorders. By the way, including the recent technological constituents to herbal drugs, it can possess high bioavailability, low toxicity and enhance the sustained release

Identifying clinically significant novel drug candidate for highly prevalent Alzheimer's disease

618-623Pharmacokinetics is very important in target validation and in shifting a lead compound into a drug. It is a cumbersome process in clinical research. A quantitative personation based on computed, pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, ILOGP, drug-likeness, medicinal chemistry friendliness, bioavailability radar and BOILED-Egg for all the synthesized, 6 novel compounds have been assessed using Swiss ADME. An effective drug can be produced from the physicochemical properties discussed in this model. The physicochemical properties of all designed Schiff bases of curcumin have been found to be optimal and so, they are perceived to have acceptable oral absorption and adequate permeability. All the monomers obeyed the rule of five by Lipinski and the oral bioavailability is accounted worldwide. The desired set of monomers have been enhanced by effective ADME screening and molecular simulation methods with Microtubuleassociated protein tau (MAPT) (PDB code: 10636) receptor could represent favourable building blocks as preferable chemotherapeutic factor in resistance to Alzheimers disease

Identifying clinically significant novel drug candidate for highly prevalent Alzheimer's disease

Pharmacokinetics is very important in target validation and in shifting a lead compound into a drug. It is a cumbersome process in clinical research. A quantitative personation based on computed, pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, ILOGP, drug-likeness, medicinal chemistry friendliness, bioavailability radar and BOILED-Egg for all the synthesized, 6 novel compounds have been assessed using Swiss ADME. An effective drug can be produced from the physicochemical properties discussed in this model. The physicochemical properties of all designed Schiff bases of curcumin have been found to be optimal and so, they are perceived to have acceptable oral absorption and adequate permeability. All the monomers obeyed the rule of five by Lipinski and the oral bioavailability is accounted worldwide. The desired set of monomers have been enhanced by effective ADME screening and molecular simulation methods with Microtubuleassociated protein tau (MAPT) (PDB code: 10636) receptor could represent favourable building blocks as preferable chemotherapeutic factor in resistance to Alzheimers disease

Analphoid supernumerary marker chromosome characterized by aCGH and FISH as inv dup(3)(q25.33qter) de novo in a child with dysmorphic features and streaky pigmentation: case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) occur in 0.075% of unselected prenatal and in 0.044% of consecutively studied postnatal cases. Individuals with sSMC present with varying phenotype, ranging from normal to extremely mild or severe depending on the chromosomal region involved, the euchromatic content present and degree of mosaicism. Except for chromosomes 15 and 22, the number of reported cases of sSMC is extremely small to provide us with a good genotype-phenotype correlation. Analphoid sSMC are even rarer. To our knowledge only eight cases of analphoid inversion-duplication 3q sSMC are reported so far.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We describe here a one month old female child with several dysmorphic features and with a <it>de novo </it>analphoid supernumerary marker chromosome only in cultured skin fibroblast cells and not in lymphocytes. The marker was characterized as analphoid inversion-duplication 3q25.33-qter by oligo array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. The final skin fibroblast karyotype was interpreted as 47,XX,+der(3).ish inv dup(3)(qter-q25.33::q25.33-qter)(subtel 3q+,subtel 3q+) <it>de novo</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In addition to the eight reported cases of analphoid inversion-duplication 3q supernumerary marker in the literature, this is yet another case of 3q sSMC with a new breakpoint at 3q25.33 and with varying phenotype as described in the case report. Identification of more and more similar cases of analphoid inversion-duplication 3q marker will help in establishing a better genotype-phenotype correlation. The study further demonstrates that aCGH in conjunction with routine cytogenetics and FISH is very useful in precisely identifying and characterizing a marker chromosome, and more importantly help in providing with an accurate genetic diagnosis and better counseling to the family.</p

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10&nbsp;years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37&nbsp;years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020