137 research outputs found
Effect of CRINA RUMINANTS AF, a Mixture of Essential Oil Compounds, on Ruminal Fermentation and Digestibility
Eight ruminally fistulated steers were used in a metabolism experiment to determine effects of an essential oil feed additive in altering steer ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibilities. Yearling steers were fed three treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) and 3) RumensinÂź (RUM). There were no differences in DMI, OM intake, total tract DM and OM digestibilities, or pH among treatments. Steers receiving the CRINA treatment consumed 24.5% fewer meals than CON. Ruminal acetate was greatest and total VFA concentrations tended to be greatest for CRINA treatment. Acetate:propionate was 1.68, 1.49, and 1.43 for CON, CRINA, and RUM, respectively, suggesting addition of CRINA RUMINANTS AF favorably alters rumen fermentation end products without negatively affecting intake or rumen pH
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Searching for life with rovers: exploration methods and science results from the 2004 field campaign of the âLife in the Atacamaâ project and applications to future Mars Missions
LITA develops and field tests a long-range automated rover and a science payload to search for microbial life in the Atacama. The Atacama's evolution provides a unique training ground for designing and testing exploration strategies and life detection methods for the search for life on Mars
Effect of Impurities on Pentacene Thin Film Growth for Field-Effect Transistors
Pentacenequinone (PnQ) impurities have been introduced into a pentacene
source material at number densities from 0.001 to 0.474 to quantify the
relative effects of impurity content and grain boundary structure on transport
in pentacene thin-film transistors. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and
electrical measurements of top-contact pentacene thin-film transistors have
been employed to directly correlate initial structure and final film
structures, with the device mobility as a function of added impurity content.
The results reveal a factor four decrease in mobility without significant
changes in film morphology for source PnQ number fractions below ~0.008. For
these low concentrations, the impurity thus directly influences transport,
either as homogeneously distributed defects or by concentration at the
otherwise-unchanged grain boundaries. For larger impurity concentrations, the
continuing strong decrease in mobility is correlated with decreasing grain
size, indicating an impurity-induced increase in the nucleation of grains
during early stages of film growth.Comment: 18 pages, 4 Figures, 1 Tabl
Icariin and its Derivative Icariside II Extend Healthspan via Insulin/IGF-1 Pathway in C. elegans
Compounds that delay aging might also postpone age-related diseases and extend healthspan in humans. Icariin is a flavonol extracted from several plant species of the Epimedium family. The icariin and its metabolic derivatives have been shown to exert wide protective effects in age-related diseases. However, whether icariin and its derivatives have the potency of delaying aging remains unclear. Here, we report that icariin and its derivative icariside II extend C. elegans lifespan. Using HPLC, we found high level of icariside II in the animals treated with icariin, suggesting icariside II is the bioactive form in vivo of icariin. Icariside II also increased the thermo and oxidative stress tolerance, slowed locomotion decline in late adulthood and delayed the onset of paralysis mediated by polyQ and AÎČ1â42 proteotoxicity. The lifespan extension effect of icariside II is dependent on the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) since the daf-16(mu86) and daf-2(e1370) failed to show any lifespan extension upon icariside II treatment. Consistently, icariside II treatment upregulates the expression of DAF-16 targets in the wild-type. Moreover, our data suggests that the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1 has a role in icariside II-dependent lifespan extension further implicating the IIS pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel natural compound, icariside II as the bioactive form of icariin, extends the healthspan via IIS pathway in C. elegans
The application of âelite interviewingâ methodology in transdisciplinary research: A record of process and lessons learned during a 3-year pilot in urban planetary health research
This paper sets out the rationale and process for the interviewing methodology utilized during a 3-year research pilot, âMoving Health Upstream in Urban Developmentâ (UPSTREAM). The project had two primary aims: firstly, to attempt to value economically the health cost benefits associated with the quality of urban environments and secondly, to engage with those in control of urban development in the UK in order to determine what are the barriers to and opportunities for creating healthy urban environments, including those identified through the utilisation of economic valuation. Engagement at senior level with those who have most control over key facets of planning and development implementationâsuch as land disposal, investment, development delivery and planning permissionâwas central to the approach, which encompassed the adoption of âelite interviewingâ, a method developed in the USA in the 1950s and used in the political sciences but relatively unutilized in the health and environmental sciences [1]. Two rounds of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 15 senior decision-makers from the UKâs main urban development delivery agencies, both public and private. The âelite interviewingâ approach successfully enabled the UPSTREAM project to capture and analyse the information received from the interviewees, all of whom held influential or leadership posts in organisations that are important actors in the process of planning, developing and constructing the built environment in the UK. Having academic and practitioner research leads on an equal footing created some minor tensions, but it also appeared to strengthen the rigor of the approach through a broad knowledge of context âin-houseâ. This form of co-production at times challenged academic traditions in qualitative analysis, but it also appeared to build trust with interviewees and provided greater clarity of the real-world context under investigation. Findings from this study are written up in a separate paper
Super-silent FRET Sensor Enables Live Cell Imaging and Flow Cytometric Stratification of Intracellular Serine Protease Activity in Neutrophils
Abstract Serine proteases are released by neutrophils to act primarily as antimicrobial proteins but excessive and unbalanced serine protease activity results in serious host tissue damage. Here the synthesis of a novel chemical sensor based on a multi-branched fluorescence quencher is reported. It is super-silent, exhibiting no fluorescence until de-quenched by the exemplar serine protease human neutrophil elastase, rapidly enters human neutrophils, and is inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. This sensor allows live imaging of intracellular serine protease activity within human neutrophils and demonstrates that the unique combination of a multivalent scaffold combined with a FRET peptide represents a novel and efficient strategy to generate super-silent sensors that permit the visualisation of intracellular proteases and may enable point of care whole blood profiling of neutrophils
Estimation of dislocation densities in cold rolled Al-Mg-Cu-Mn alloys by combination of yield strength data, EBSD and strength models
Al-Mg-Cu-Mn alloys have been developed for the packaging industry, in which large cold-working deformations are normally applied that can produce high dislocation densities. In this study, we present a simplified model for the yield strength contributions and apply that to obtain the dislocation densities by determining the orientation factors, which can be obtained via the crystal information of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). One alloy subjected to three cold-rolling reductions (10%, 40% and 90%) has been analysed by EBSD, and the density of dislocations are estimated using the strengthening model. This assessment suggests that dislocation densities by the Taylor model are roughly consistent but slightly lower than those determined by transmission electron microscopy
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