Self-perceived health and metabolic control in Tanzanian diabetic patients

Objectives: To analyse self-perceived health and metabolic control over a two-year period in a group of urban adult diabetic patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Design: A longitudinal study with cross-sectional measurements of metabolic control and self-perceived health.Setting: The study was carried out at the diabetes out-patient clinic of Muhimbili Medical Centre and at three district hospitals in the Dar es Salaam area in Tanzania.Subjects: In 1995, one hundred and fifty consecutive diabetic patients (M/F:78/72) were seen. A re-organisation of the diabetes care was done in 1996. Due to difficulties in tracing the patients after the re-organisation, 50.4% of them were re-assessed in 1997.Main outcome measures: The Swahili version of SF-36 health questionnaire was used to assess health. HbA1c and fasting blood-glucose were used to evaluate metabolic control.Results: In patients assessed both in 1995 and 1997 significant improvements were found in the socialand emotional functioning health domains. The mean HbA1c valuewas significantly improved after the two years (9.3±3.2% in 1995 versus 7.5±2.8%). Significant negativecorrelations were found between metabolic control and the health domains bodily pain, general health and vitality.Conclusions: The study has highlighted the difficulties in performing follow up studies and it is most important to put lot of effort in informing patients prior to re-organisation of the care. Furthermore, our findings have shown that Tanzanian diabetic patients had improved their self-perceived health in social and emotional functioning and they had an improved metabolic control over the two-year period indicating an improved diabetes care

Self-rated health and factors influencing responses among young Egyptian type 1 diabetes patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face major daily challenges. Self-rated health (SRH) is a global measure of an individual's health related quality of life (HRQoL) and is based on the question, "In general, how would you rate your health?" Subjects rate their health as excellent, very good, good, poor or very poor. Our objective was to determine the HRQoL using the SRH measure and determine factors influencing responses. We hypothesized that better SRH responses were associated with shorter diabetes duration, better compliance and better glycemic control.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The standardized SRH measure was the instrument used for health related quality of life assessment. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between SRH responses and selected variables.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>124 subjects, 64 females (51.6%) and 60 males (48.4%) were included. Average age was 13.08 (±3.19) and average diabetes duration was 5.82 (±1.60), while the mean HbA₁C was 8.02 (±1.60). The majority rated their health as good (31%), 29% rated it as excellent, 11% as very good, 14% as poor and 15% as very poor. Regression analysis showed that regular exercise was the only predictor that was independently and significantly associated with a "better" self-health rating, with an OR of 12.84, CI of 1.425-115.727 and a <it>p </it>value of 0.023.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Regular exercise among Egyptian children with T1DM is strongly associated with a "better" overall health related quality of life and should be repeatedly encouraged.</p

Progress of unit based quality improvement: an evaluation of a support strategy

Objective: To evaluate a strategy for supporting nurses to work with quality improvement (QI). Design: Post-intervention evaluation. Study participants and intervention: 240 nurses participated in a uniformly designed 4 day basic training course in applying a model for QI. Of these, 156 nurses from over 50 healthcare institutions constituted the generic education (GE) group while 84 nurses from 42 neonatal units took part in a project to develop national guidelines, constituting the targeted intervention (TI) group. Method: Postal questionnaire 4 years after the training courses. Results: The response rate was 80% in the TI group and 64% in the GE group. Nurses in the TI group had a significantly higher rate in completing all phases of the QI cycle (p=0.0002). With no differences between the groups, 39% of all nurses were still involved in QI work 4 years after the training courses. Three factors were significantly related to nurses continuing their involvement in QI projects: remaining employed on the same unit (OR 11.3), taking courses in nursing science (OR 4.1), and maintenance of the same QI model (OR 3.1). Reported motives for remaining active in QI work were the enhancement of knowledge, influence over clinical practice, and development as a nurse. Reasons for discontinuation were organisational restructuring, a lack of facilitation and knowledge, and change of workplace. Conclusions: Participation in a national guideline project, including a common focus for improvement, facilitation and opportunities for networking, seems to have enhanced the ability to carry out the process of QI, but not to sustain the QI work over a longer period

Use of factor analysis in Journal of Advanced Nursing: literature review

Aim. This paper reports a review analysing the use of factor analysis in papers in Journal of Advanced Nursing. Background. Factor analysis is a multivariate statistical method for reducing large numbers of variables to fewer underlying dimensions. There are several methods of factor analysis with principal components analysis being the most commonly applied. Factor analysis has been used by researchers in nursing for many years but the standards for use and reporting are variable. Method. Papers using factor analysis in Journal of Advanced Nursing were retrieved from 1982 to the end of 2004. The search term 'factor analysis' was used in the CINAHL database and applied specifically to Journal of Advanced Nursing in December 2004. Retrieved papers were included in the review if they came from Journal of Advanced Nursing and used factor analysis as part of the method of the reported study. Results. One hundred and twenty-four papers were retrieved as a result of the initial search criteria of which 116 were from Journal of Advanced Nursing. Screening of papers for the use of factor analysis left 100 papers for review. Principal components analysis was the most commonly used method of factor analysis; Eigenvalues greater than one was the most commonly applied criterion for selecting the number of factors followed by orthogonal rotation to achieve simple structure. The majority of papers did not report the whole factor solution and there were papers that did not specify anything beyond the fact that they carried out factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was rarely used and exploratory methods other than principal components analysis were also rarely used. Conclusions. Factor analysis is quite commonly used in nursing research reported in Journal of Advanced Nursing. While some papers are exemplary there is room for improvement in the reporting of all aspects of factor analysis