Adenocarcinoma of the caecum metastatic to the bladder: an unusual cause of haematuria

BACKGROUND: Primary malignancies of colorectal origin can metastasise to the bladder. Reports are however extremely rare, particularly from the caecum. CASE REPORT: The report describes the case of a 45-year old male with Duke's B caecal carcinoma treated with a laparoscopically-assisted right hemicolectomy and adjuvant 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy. Subsequently, a metastatic lesion to the bladder was demonstrated and successfully excised by partial cystectomy. CONCLUSION: In order that optimal therapeutic options can be determined, it is important for clinicians to distinguish between primary disease of the bladder and other causes of haematuria. Various immunohistochemical techniques attempt to differentiate primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder from secondary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Suspicion of metastatic disease must be raised when histologically unusual bladder tumours are identified

Nanoformulated paclitaxel and AZD9291 synergistically eradicate non-small-cell lung cancers in vivo

AimThis study aims to develop new nanoformulations of EGFR T790M targeted inhibitor AZD9291 and paclitaxel (PTX) for combination therapy of lung cancer.Materials & methodsWe prepared and characterized PTX- and AZD9291-loaded disulfide cross-linking micelles (DCMs), and evaluate their combination effect and toxicity in vitro and in lung cancer-bearing mice.ResultsDrug-loaded DCMs were relatively small in size, and possessed glutathione-responsive drug release. The combination of PTX-DCMs and AZD92921-DCMs exhibited strong synergistic effects in both cell line and in vivo without additional toxicity. Molecular studies demonstrated the synergistic modification in both IKB-α/NF-κB/Bcl-2 and EGFR/Akt pathways.ConclusionThe combination of DCM-loaded AZD9291 and PTX could potentially offer more effective and less toxicity treatment options for lung cancer patients

Experimental study comparing meshes made of polypropylene, polypropylene plus polyglactin and polypropylene plus titanium: inflammatory cytokines, histological changes and morphometric analysis of collagen

Incisional hernia occurs in approximately 11% of all laparotomies. Changes in collagen have been closely implicated in its pathogenesis. the high recurrence rate (45-54%) after primary suture has stimulated the development of meshes. Currently, meshes are the biomaterials implant group most used in medicine. This study aims to compare the serum and tissue inflammatory responses and collagen deposition caused by meshes made of polypropylene, polypropylene + polyglactin and polypropylene + titanium.Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups. in group I, a high-density polypropylene mesh was positioned on the abdominal wall. in groups II and III, low-density meshes were used in associations with polyglactin and titanium, respectively. Immediately before the operation and on the first, third and fortieth postoperative days, pro-inflammatory cytokines were assayed. On the 40th postoperative day, the region of the inserted prosthesis was biopsied. the tissue inflammatory reaction was evaluated using a scale for objective scoring. for collagen, picrosirius was used with data reading using the Image Tool computer software.Cytokines: there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Histology: on the 40th postoperative day in group I, there were fewer inflammatory tissue response and greater collagen deposition (P < 0.01). in group II, there were greater inflammatory tissue response and less collagen deposition (P < 0.01). Group III presented intermediate values between groups I and II.There were no significant differences in cytokine levels between the groups in the present study. in the animals with the polypropylene + polyglactin mesh implant there was the most intense inflammatory process with lower tissue maturation and collagen deposition on the 40th postoperative day. the polypropylene mesh presented a less severe late inflammatory process, with greater tissue maturation and collagen deposition. the polypropylene + titanium mesh presented intermediate values between the others.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 07/57100-6Web of Scienc