Hybrid Sine-Cosine Black Widow Spider Optimization based Route Selection Protocol for Multihop Communication in IoT Assisted WSN

In the modern era, Internet of Things (IoT) has been a popular research topic and it focuses on interconnecting numerous sensor-based devices primarily for tracking applications and collecting data. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) becomes a significant element in IoT platforms since its inception and turns out to be the most ideal platform for deploying various smart city application zones namely disaster management, home automation, intelligent transportation, smart buildings, and other IoT-enabled applications. Clustering techniques were commonly used energy-efficient methods with the main purpose that is to balance the energy between Sensor Nodes (SN). Routing and clustering are Non-Polynomial (NP) hard issues where bio-inspired approaches were used for a known time to solve these issues. This study introduces a Hybrid Sine-Cosine Black Widow Spider Optimization based Route Selection Protocol (HSBWSO-RSP) for Mulithop Communication in IoT assisted WSN. The presented HSBWSO-RSP technique aims to properly determine the routes to destination for multihop communication. Moreover, the HSBWSO-RSP approach enables the integration of variance perturbation mechanism into the traditional BWSO algorithm. Furthermore, the selection of routes takes place by a fitness function comprising Residual Energy (RE) and distance (DIST). The experimental result analysis of the HSBWSO-RSP technique is tested using a series of experimentations and the results are studied under different measures. The proposed methodology achieves 100% packet delivery ratio, no packet loss and 2.33 secs end to end delay. The comparison study revealed the betterment of the HSBWSO-RSP technique over existing routing techniques

Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Image Diagnosis and Prognosis

One of the most incredible machine learning methods is deep learning. Utilised for picture categorization, clinical archiving, item identification, and other purposes. The quantity of medical image archives is expanding at an alarming rate as hospitals employ digital photos for documentation more frequently. Digital imaging is essential for assessing the severity of a patient's illness. Medical imaging has a wide variety of uses in research and diagnostics. Due to recent developments in image processing technology, self-operating identification of medical photos is still a research area for computer vision researchers. We require an appropriate classifier in order to categorise medical photos using various classifiers. After organ prediction and classification, the research was modified to include medical picture recognition. For medical picture detection, pretrained convolutional networks and Kmean clustering techniques similar to those used for organ identification are employed. Separating the training from the test data allowed for the data's authentication. The application of this strategy has been proven to be most effective for categorising various medical images of human organs

Unna's boot in non-healing ulcer

INTRODUCTION: The lower limb ulcers are one of the challenging diseases among the surgeons. Because of its varied etiology, disease manifestations and different proposal in the treatment, makes it a nemesis for the treating physicians. Venous disease causing venous ulcer in the lower limb is a common finding but usually causes limited morbidity in majority of patients. However the patients develop skin changes and ulcerations leading to pain and discomfort which necessitates treatment at frequent interval. This imposes financial burden on the patient as well as on health care systems. The prevalence of venous disease has been studied in considerable number of epidemiological surveys. However the exact prevalence could not be made out due to various reasons. Leg ulcers are approximately 0.5% of the world population and 2.5 million in United States. Approximately 70% are caused by Chronic Venous Insufficiency. About 20 to 25% are due to arterial or mixed disease. Exact prevalence and incidence of leg ulcers could not be determined because they are reported as a complication of underlying systemic disease and not reported separately. While the exact prevalence of leg ulcers are unclear, the impact of these ulcers on health care system and patient is becoming increasingly evident. The cost of treatment of venous ulcer alone is estimated to be one billion dollar per year in United States. The non healing ulcers of the lower extremity are multifactorial in origin. They usually develop as a result of skin and tissue changes caused by CVI and the associated ambulatory venous hypertension. The prevalence of venous ulcerations increases with age in both men and women. This probably because of fact that as venous diseases progresses throughout the life and hence most of the patients reach the point at which an ulcer develops. The reason for ulcer in old age was due to, limited mobility associated with degenerated joint diseases and poor wound healing. The usual site of venous ulcer is above the medial malleolus, the gaiter’s area because the ambulatory venous pressure is more in this area and the gravity is also high in this area. The severity of impairment of venous physiology of the lower limb is mainly measured by the ambulatory foot vein pressure which helps in assessing the severity of the venous reflux. Management of these venous ulcers include thorough History, clinical examination to put the disease in probable etiology and investigations for proper diagnosis and treatment and to give the best possible outcome of the disease, and more importantly to prevent recurrence in long term disease management. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To analyse and study the epidemiology of age, sex, incidence of non healing ulcers of lower limb in Thanjavur Medical College. 2. To study about the correlation between the occupation and the type of non – healing ulcers among the patients. 3. To study about the incidence of various types of non–healing ulcers and their duration. 4. To analyse about the conservative management of Unna’s Boot in various non–healing ulcers and their response to the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 60 clinical cases of non – healing ulcer of the lower limb admitted in Thanjavur Medical College and Hospital during the period of 18 months from January 2011 to June 2012 were selected. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Non – healing ulcer patients of lower limb were selected. 2. Previous interventions either surgical or conservative management were included. 3. Patient should be ambulant. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Not giving consent for treatment modality used in the study. 2. Non – healing ulcer turning into malignancy are excluded. 3. Non – healing ulcer of arterial diseases are excluded. 4. Superficial skin infection turning into ulcer are excluded. 5. Patients with heart failure or debilitating general conditions of etiology other than non – healing ulcer are excluded. 6. If patients are of diabetic, if arterial system are involved, then the patients are excluded from the study. 7. Patients allergic to components used in the Unna’s boot are also excluded from the study. CONCLUSION: The analytical study revealed that among the 60 patient studied, most of the patients were in fourth and fifth decade. It is found that, eventhough the patient become symptomatic somewhat earlier, the ulcer manifest in the late stage. Hence it is become evident that the prevalence of leg ulcer increases with advancing age. 1. The incidence of non healing ulcer is greater in men than women in contrast to the other western studies where there is female predominance. 2. The mainstay of occupation of the patient population in this study is agriculture and manual work. Hence the incidence of ulcer appears to be more in this group of occupation. 3. The occupation correlation with ulcer etiology holds good in this study also as most of the venous ulcer patient are tea master, conductor, cook etc., whose occupation needs prolonged standing. 4. Most of the patients had ulcer in one lower limb, among them most of the patients had on left side are of venous etiology. 5. Most of the patients have ulcers for duration of around five years. The ulcers with longer duration are probably has venous etiology. 6. In the present study most of the diabetic ulcers are infected with organisms. The prevalent organisms are E.coli and Klebsiella. The sensitive antibiotic was mostly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. 7. Unna’s boot was applied in all the patients in the study and followed up for around six months. Patient with non healing venous ulcer showed superior and quick healing. 8. Patient with diabetic ulcer responded little later. However there is a complete wound control and required additional treatment like split skin graft to cover the rest of wound in some patients. 9. Patient’s compliance was poor in the initial part of the treatment, but once the patients were educated properly, the compliance improved. 10. Since daily dressing or frequent interval of dressing is not needed, it becomes more appropriate for patients with low intelligent quotient, who keep dressing for long time. 11. Follow up of patients revealed that there is no recurrence of ulcer, implying the importance of compression therapy for non healing ulcers. For diabetic patients, the glycemic control along with compression therapy is still more helpful in managing and preventing the recurrence. 12. In case of non healing ulcer, the management should include not only to heal the ulcer but also to prevent the recurrence. Unna’s boot except for its poor compliance and sensitivity to skin, it plays a major role in wound healing. Patients need to be on periodical review for prevention of recurrence and proper management

Novel Selective Mapping with Oppositional Hosted Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in 5G UFMC Systems

In recent times, there is a continuous requirement of achieving high data rates owing to an increase in the number of devices and significant demand for various services with maximum reliability and minimum delay. It results in the development of fifth generation (5G) to offer better services with enhanced data rate. Recently, a major alternative to OFDM technology for 5G networks called universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) is presented where every individual sub-band is filtered that reduces the OOB radiation and eliminates guard band. But high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a crucial issue which arises from the utilization of several subcarriers to generate the time domain transmission signal. For resolving this issue, this paper presents a novel selective mapping with oppositional hosted cuckoo optimization (SM-OHOCO) algorithm for PAPR reduction in 5G UFMC systems. In the SM-OHOCO algorithm, rather than the generation of several random phase sequences, SM-OHOCO algorithm is performed iteratively to attain a better solution with few searching rounds, showing the novelty of the work. As the optimization of phase sequence in the SLM technique is considered as an NP hard optimization problem, the OHOCO algorithm is applied, which is derived by incorporating the concepts of the HOCO algorithm with oppositional based learning (OBL) strategy. To validate the effective performance of the proposed SM-OHOCO algorithm, an extensive experimental analysis is performed to highlight the improved performance in 5G networks. The resultant values pointed out the superior outcome of the proposed SM-OHOCO algorithm over the other existing methods in terms of distinct measure

Literature Survey of SAR Algorithm in Photovoltaic System

Every solar energy harvester systems have got two sources of energy loss: the MPPT circuit and the dc–dc converter. To increase the efficiency of the PV energy harvester, the energy losses from the MPPT circuit and the dc–dc converter need to be minimized. Here a new MPPT algorithm called successive approximation register is introduced. This MPPT algorithm has got a power down mode and a fast tracking time, to achieve low power consumption and energy savings. With this MPPT algorithm energy losses from the MPPT circuit can be minimized and this technique can be greatly applicable to low power application systems mainly as well as for high power application.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i2.455

Automated Accidental Precautions in Public Transportation Management System

This paper aims at different types of transportation problems by presenting a proper management process to improve the public transportation management system. In modern era, the accidents and the indifference makes the major death rate, this is because of the lagging of immediate precautionary actions. In order to decrease the death rate and also to improve the immediate measures for the effect is proposed by using the method of IoT. In this system, every bus contains GPS to track the bus if it met with an accident, crash sensor and pressure sensor is also used to check whether the bus dashed with other vehicles or not and piezo sensor is to check if the bus roll down due to any mechanical failures. The level of accident at the hazardous weather that is, the wind flow at hills station makes an unstable condition for the transportation system. Basically, in hill areas the wind flowin every day is unpredictable one and a challengeable one. To avoid those risky factors, we implemented cruise control which accommodate the speed limit of the vehicles according to the pre-moving vehicles

Antidiabetic potential of Lantana aculeata root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The present study investigates the antidiabetic potential of dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata, a weed belonging to verbenaceae family on biochemical profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effects of an ethanolic extract of the dried mature roots of Lantana aculeata on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma insulin and liver glycogen were examined in control and experimental groups. Lantana aculeata root extract reduced the serum glucose concentration at 24, 48 and 72 hours. To verify the activity sub-chronically, the extract administered orally in the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg to diabetic rats for 30 days, that significantly reduced the level of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in insulin and glycogen concentration to near normal levels in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that roots of Lantana aculeata possess antidiabetic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The activity might be due to high concentration of oleanolic acid present in the roots.Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Lantana aculeata roots, Oleanolic aci

Genome-wide data reveal cryptic diversity and genetic introgression in an Oriental cynopterine fruit bat radiation

Sampling details consisting of information about number of individuals typed for each marker. Populations with mutiple sampling points are represented by one representative coordinate. FA = forearm length, EL = ear length and TIB = tibia length. All morphological measurements are recorded in millimeters (mm). (XLSX 13 kb

ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE SPEED PFC CHOPPER FED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE

ABSTRACT This paper provides the detailed analysis of the DC-DC chopper fed Brushless DC motor drive used for lowpower applications. The various methods used to improve the power quality at the ac mains with lesser number of components are discussed. The most effective method of power quality improvement is also simulated using MATLAB Simulink. Improved method of speed control by controlling the dc link voltage of Voltage Source Inverter is also discussed with reduced switching losses. The continuous and discontinuous modes of operation of the converters are also discussed based on the improvement in power quality. The performance of the most effective solution is simulated in MATLAB Simulink environment and the obtained results are presented