Fortification Of Trim Lacking Rc T Shape Beams By Outwardly Bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets

Concrete-reinforced epoxy resin bonded to GFRP sheets was tested for failure using two-dimensional tools for a static cut. Columns have been modified for this test. The purpose of these panels is to assess the behaviour of the stiffened stem with the addition of externally bound FRP. The trunk is attached to one type of fiber glass reinforced horse polymer (GFRP) 4 3.50mm thick. A total of five square feet of 3 meters was thrown. Maintenance, repair and restoration of individual structural structures are perhaps one of the major problems in a civil engineering application. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Program (GFRP) is an effective way to restore and improve the system. The column was used as a support column and the adjacent trees were plastered with GFRP plaster on the stone. The width variant is the GFRP type laminate. A look at the details of this research protects the base load, the load, the final load, the first fracture rotation, the product rotation, the final rotation, the slit width, the maintenance it is energy reduction, power maintenance, temperature rise ratio and power line maintenance ratio. The effectiveness of the FRP response environment was compared to a non-response environment. Test results confirmed that GFRP-reinforced solid wood showed higher performance

Comparison of Pipelined Floating Point Unit with Unpipelined Floating Point Unit

Floating-point numbers are broadly received in numerous applications due their element representation abilities. Floating-point representation has the capacity hold its determination and exactness contrasted with altered point representations. Any Digital Signal Processing (DSP) calculations utilization floating-point math, which obliges a huge number of figuring’s every second to be performed. For such stringent necessities, outline of quick, exact and effective circuits is the objective of each VLSI creator. This paper displays a correlation of pipelined floating-point snake dissention with IEEE 754 organization with an unpipelined viper additionally protests with IEEE 754 arrangement. It depicts the IEEE floating-point standard 754. A pipelined floating point unit in light of IEEE 754 configuration is produced and the outline is contrasted and that of an unpipelined floating point unit and an investigation is defeated speed, range, and force contemplations. It builds the rate as well as is vitality productive. Every one of these changes is at the expense of slight increment in the chip region. The basic methodology and approach used for VHDL (Very Large Scale Integration Hardware Descriptive Language) implementation of the floating-point unit are also described. Detailed synthesis report operated upon Xilinx ISE 11 software and Modelsim is given

FORMALIZING A MATHEMATICAL SCHEME FOR RENEWABLE SOURCE HUBS

Inside a typical green house, the next groups of one's consuming components could be identified: 1) extra lighting 2) climate controls of temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels through cooling and heating systems and three) natural and compelled air ventilation and circulation.  The aim would be to minimize total energy costs and demand charges while thinking about important parameters of greenhouses particularly, inside humidity and temperature, CO2 concentration, and lighting levels ought to be stored within acceptable ranges. Humidity in the green house must be controlled to supply an appropriate atmosphere for plant growth and also to prevent yeast illnesses. Within the situation of mugginess, which often occurs in winter nights, the plants stop transpiration, and condensation in the roof and plant leaves could cause yeast illnesses. Intense discharge (HID) lamps for example metal halide and pressure sodium lamps are generally used with regards to offering artificial lighting in greenhouses. Promptly from the lighting system, and also the minimum duration and also the minimum lighting of cloudy weather to show around the extra lighting systems are incorporated to make sure that the plants make use of the artificial lighting more proficiently

Managemental practices and welfare of pack animals in middle Himalayan region of India

The results revealed that most of the owners provided all kind of feed to the pack animals but there was variation in amount of feeds during work and rest. Majority of them provided Kutcha type shelters to pack animals with less adequate heights and floor space areas. Majority of the equines had dry matted coat, normal mucous membrane, no limb deformity, free from ectoparasties and about 75% of them had scars on their body, alert aptitude and almost all animals were friendly to owners. They carried load of 100 kg on back of animals and majority of them (55%) used the animals for 6–9 h with rest in between. The owners put best efforts to keep the animals in the best way. The farmers followed all the routine practices recommended for pack animal rearing, although most of them were not aware of the scientific rearing practices. Most of the farmers consulted a veterinarian for treatment. However, they also exploited the animals and did not follow the norms made by the government, therefore, the pack animal owners need to be trained as per the scientific recommendation for better management practices of the pack animals so that they can utilize these animals to their maximum potential for enhancing livelihood without compromising with the welfare measures

PCR-SSCP and Sequencing of CXCR2 Receptor Gene in Vrindavani Cattle

Genetic markers associated with inflammatory responses during mastitis could aid in the selection of diseased cattle. One potential marker is CXCR2, a chemokine receptor required for neutrophil migration to infection sites. The objective of this experiment was to identify genetic polymorphism of CXCR2 gene and associate it with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Ninety five Vrindavani crossbred cows (42-mastitis tolerant and 53-clinical mastitis) that completed at least two full lactations were taken for study. Blood of selected crossbred cows was collected, and genomic DNA was isolated by phenol chloroform method. The DNA of good quality having OD ratio (260/280 nm) between 1.7-1.9 were used for further analysis. PCR-SSCP technique was used to reveal the polymorphism in 269bp fragments of CXCR2 gene. The 269 bp fragment of CXCR2 gene was found to be monomorphic in all the DNA samples of crossbred cows

Contract goat farming: an emerging model for livelihood generation among resource poor farmers of western Odisha

The present study was taken up with the objective to find out the pattern of contract goat farming (CGF) in western Odisha. Data were collected through personal interview from 60 contract goat farmers for pattern and practices in CGF and 20 key informants for understanding the existing models in CGF in the study area. The study showed that there were a number of models of CGF existing in the study area based on provision of input, services and marketing of kids. All of these models revealed that these types of contract goat farming were acting as a source of income and employment for the resource poor farmers and rural youth. The study showed that the traditional goat farming over the years had taken a commercial outlook in the form of contract goat farming. Though it was informal but the services and marketing strategies to be provided were clearly defined in various models of the CGF before entering into contract. The various models revealed an equal distribution of profit among the two parties, which was the basis of a strong bonding and a long term business venture. The CGF operational in western Odisha suggest an excellent model of employment and income generation for resource poor rural people and educated youth. In fact these models if taken up on a large scale in areas with similar agro-climatic zones can definitely boost the livelihood security among the educated unemployed youth and poor farmers

Effect of weaning on milking behaviour and temperament of Murrah buffaloes

The study was conducted to compare the milking behaviour and temperament of Murrah buffaloes due to suckling and weaning at different ages. Initially, 42 recently calved buffaloes were selected and assigned alternately in to 3 groups as suckling (Gr 1), weaning at birth (Gr 2) and weaning on 45th day (Gr 3). The different behavioural parameters of the buffaloes were recorded for the first 15 days of milking/weaning during each milking. The overall average milk let down time was non-significant among the groups. The average milk yield per milking (morning and evening) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Gr 1 (3.44±0.14 kg) and Gr 2 (3.18±0.46 kg) in comparison to Gr 3 (2.24±0.25 kg). The overall average milking time was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Gr 1 (4.41±0.14 min) than Gr 3 (3.05±0.21 min); however milking time in Gr 2 (4.29±0.41min) was not significantly different from Gr 1. The percent of dams showing stepping behaviour in Gr 1, Gr 2 and Gr 3 was 20.23, 27.57 and 44.11, respectively, and the corresponding value for kicking behaviour was 2.61, 10.60 and 13.39, respectively. The average number of dams showing bellowing behaviour in Gr 1, Gr 2 and Gr 3 was 3.56, 9.09 and 12.66, respectively. Similar trends were observed among the groups as mentioned in stepping and kicking. The percentage of dams which licked calf or looked at milker in Gr 1, Gr 2 and Gr 3 was 34.99, 9.38 and 33.33 respectively. The percentage of dams showing head shaking activity during milking operation in Gr 1, Gr 2 and Gr 3 was 26.42, 0.00 and 10.00 percent, respectively. The overall mean milking temperament score was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Gr 3 (1.73±0.18) than Gr 1 (1.20±0.05) and Gr 2 (1.48±0.17). The success rate of weaning practice in dairy buffaloes was higher at calving than later stage of lactation

Antimicrobial resistance pattern, clustering mechanisms and correlation matrix of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in black Bengal goats in West Bengal, India

A cross-sectional study covering four agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India, was carried out to understand the risk-factors, antimicrobial resistance mechanism and clustering of the resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy (170) and diarrhoeic (74) goats reared under intensive (52) and semi-intensive (192) farming practices. Of the 488 E. coli isolates, the majority, including the extended spectrum (n: 64, 13.11%) and AmpC β-lactamase (ACBL) (n: 86, 17.62%) producers, were resistant to tetracycline (25.2%), followed by enrofloxacin (24.5%), cefotaxime (21.5%) and amikacin (20.5%). Statistical modelling revealed that the isolates from diarrhoeic animals (p < 0.001) are likely to be more ACBL-positive than those from the healthy counterparts. Similarly, cefotaxime (p < 0.05) and enrofloxacin-resistance (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in diarrhoeic goats and in goats reared intensively. The isolates (n = 35) resistant to multiple drugs revealed the presence of β-lactamase [blaCTXM-1-(21), blaSHV-(7), blaTEM-(3), blaCMY-6-(1), blaCITM-(3)]; quinolone [qnrB-(10), qnrS-(7), aac(6’)-Ib-cr-(3)]; tetracycline [tetA-(19), tetB-(4)] and sulphonamide resistance determinants [sul1-(4)]; multiple plasmids, especially those belonging to the IncF and IncI1 replicon types; and active acrAB efflux pumps. Further, two isolates harbored the carbapenem resistance (blaNDM-5) gene and eight were strong biofilm producers. This first ever study conducted to unravel the status of AMR in goat farming reveals that not only the intensive farming practices but also certain clinical ailments such as diarrhoea can increase the shedding of the drug-resistant isolate. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli in goats, particularly those that are carbapenem resistant, is a cause for concern that indicates the spread of such pathogens even in the livestock sub-sector generally considered as naive

Effect of different heat ameliorating measures on the micro-climate of buffalo sheds during hot-dry summer

Present investigation studied the effect of heat ameliorating measures on micro-climate of sheds of Murrah buffalo heifers during hot dry summer. Buffalo heifers (24) were categorised in 4 groups (6 in each), viz. control (T0), cooling jacket (T1), cooling jacket+forced ventilation (T2) and sprinklers+forced ventilation (T3). Daily minimum and maximum and dry and wet bulb temperatures of both micro and macro-climate were measured at 10.00 AM and 2.00 PM of Indian Standard Time (IST) by using maximum and minimum and dry and wet bulb thermometer, respectively. Significant reduction in maximum temperature was observed in T3, T2 and T1 groups than control group. However, significantly higher minimum temperature was found in T0 group as compared to T3, T2 and T1 respectively. Relative humidity (RH) was significantly lower in T3 and T2 (65.67±0.48 and 65.97±0.53%, respectively) than T0 (68.51±0.56%) group at 10.00 AM whereas, at 2.00 PM significant reduction in RH was observed in T3, and T2 (55.31±0.51 and 57.20±0.62) than T0 (58.96±0.63%) group. During peak hot periods, significantly lower Temperature humidity Index (THI) was found in T3, T2 and T1 than T0 group. However, at 10.00 AM significant reduction in THI was found in T3 and T2 groups than T0 group. The findings of the present study indicated that forced ventilation along with sprinklers and cooling jacket had helped in protecting the animals from thermal stress under loose housing system during hot-dry summer

Effect of shade materials on rectal temperature, respiration rate and body surface temperature of crossbred calves during rainy season

An attempt was made to study the effect of different shade materials on body surface temperature, rectal and respiration rate in Vrindavani calves during the rainy season. Crossbred calves (18) were divided into 3 group, viz. thatch shading roof with plastic covering (T1), agro-net shading roof- 60% light diffusion (T2), and asbestos with canvas shading roof (T3). The recording of macro and microclimate as well as the entire physiological parameters, viz. rectal temperature, respiration rate and body surface temperature were recorded at 9:00 and 2:00 PM for 2 consecutive days at every fortnight interval. The microclimate, viz. maximum and minimum, RH, THI and surface temperature of roof was lower in T2 group. The physiological parameters values were significantly lower in T2 group. It can be concluded that in rainy season agro-net helped to protect calves from the hot and humid condition