Predictors of Cognitive Reactivity in Depression

Cognitive theories of depression posit that, when activated by an external stressor, negative self-schemas negatively bias information processing. The congruency hypothesis suggests that higher overlap between schema and stressor content results in greater degrees of schema activation. To evaluate these theoretical premises, the current study evaluated whether: 1) cognitive organization is predictive of negative information processing biases following a negative mood prime; and, 2) content domain of cognitive organization interacts with content of mood prime to predict information processing biases. Undergraduate students (N = 157) completed a measure of cognitive organization, underwent a negative mood prime, and completed a measure of interpretation biases. Consistent with hypotheses, cognitive organization in the negative achievement and interpersonal positive domains was predictive of information processing biases. Contrary to predictions, no interaction effects were found. Findings support the notion that cognitive organization is an important vulnerability factor in depression. Limitations and future directions are discussed

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the backward extrusion process with a rotational die of AZ31 alloy

In this work theoretical and experimental analysis of the backward extrusion with a rotary die of the AZ31 alloy has been performed. The modification of the classical extrusion was based on the use of a rotary die. The results of theoretical research have confirmed that the use of the modified backward extrusion causes the appearance of shear stress in deformed material, which could affects the activation of additional mechanisms of deformation. The numerical modelling of the rotating extrusion of AZ31 alloy has been conducted by using the computer program Forge®. The experimental tests were carried out in the conditions of the STD 810 torsion plastometer using newly designed tools

On the surface critical behaviour in Ising strips: density-matrix renormalization-group study

Using the density-matrix renormalization-group method we study the surface critical behaviour of the magnetization in Ising strips in the subcritical region. Our results support the prediction that the surface magnetization in the two phases along the pseudo-coexistence curve also behaves as for the ordinary transition below the wetting temperature for the finite value of the surface field.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Analysis of the Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Fe 61Co10Zr2.5Hf2.5Me2W2B20 (Where Me = Mo, Nb, Ni Or Y) Ribbons

The paper presents the results of structural and magnetic properties and thermal stability for a group of functional materials based on Fe61Co10Zr2.5Hf2.5Me2W2B20 (where Me = Mo, Nb, Ni or Y). Samples were obtained in the form of ribbons using melt-spinning method. The X-ray diffraction patterns of investigated samples confirmed their amorphous structure. Based on the analysis of DSC curves characteristic temperatures: glass forming temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tx) and temperature range of the supercooled liquid ΔTx were determined. Small addition of transition metals elements has strong influence on magnetic and thermal parameters of studied materials. The comprehensive studies revealed that in terms of magnetic properties the Ni-addition resulted in highest reduction in coercivity and anisotropy field

AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge

The temperature activation of carbon saturation steel process

The study presents the application of a mathematical description of a thermochemical process which consists in diffusion saturation of steel with carbon atoms. The mathematical description assumes temperature-based activation of the process of carburizing and estimates the effect of diffusion flow, which has a direct effect on the thickness of the obtained carburized layers, on the process temperature. The assumed model can be universal for all thermo-chemical processes of diffusion saturation of metallic materials

Modeling of structural effects in biomedical elements after titanium oxidation in fluidized bed

Oxidation is one of the most employed methods to improve titanium and its alloys properties especially due to medical application. This process like most of the thermochemical treatment processes substantially influences on the characteristic of surface layers and the same on its mechanical and useful properties. Oxide coatings produced during titanium oxidation were examined due to their composition identification. Titanium was oxidized in fluidized bed in temperature range between 500÷700°C. Microstructures of titanium with a visible oxide coating on its surface after thermochemical treatment and changes of grain size in core of titanium samples are described. Moreover Xray phase analysis of obtained oxides coatings was made as well as microhardness measurements of titanium surface layers after oxidation process. Finally, the surfaces of titanium after oxidation in fluidized bed were measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. All research results are used to built numerical model of oxidation process in fluidized. Titanium oxidation process in fluidized bed is very complicated, because changes of parameters are non linear characteristics. This fact and lack of mathematical algorithms describing this process makes modeling properties of titanium elements by traditional numerical methods difficult or even impossible. In this case it is possible to try using artificial neural network. Using neural networks for modeling oxidizing in fluidized bed is caused by several nets' features: non linear character, ability to generalize the results of calculations for data out of training set, no need for mathematical algorithms describing influence changes input parameters on modeling materials properties

Ocena struktury oraz właściwości magnetycznych stopów amorficznych Fe73Me5Y3B19 (gdzie Me = Ti lub Nb)

The results of microstructure and magnetic properties studies of the amorphous Fe73Me5Y3B19 (where Me = Ti or Nb) alloys are presented The samples of the investigated alloys were produced in the form of ribbons with thickness of approximately 30 um by unidirectional cooling of the liquid material on a rotating copper wheel. Both investigated alloys, in the as-quenched state, were fully amorphous which was verified using a ‘Bruker’ X-ray diffractometer. Static hysteresis loops, measured using ‘LakeShore’ vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), were typical as for soft magnetic ferromagnets. The Fe73Nb5Y3B19 and Fe73Ti5Y3B19 alloys were characterized by relatively high values of saturation of the magnetization (1.25 T and 1.26 T, respectively) and low coercivity field (16 A/m and 47 A/m, respectively). The core losses obtained for the investigated alloys were significantly lower than for commercially used FeSi transformer steels. Both alloys also exhibited excellent time and temperature stability of the magnetic properties (within the investigated temperature range), as confirmed by measurements of magnetic susceptibility and its disaccommodation.Celem pracy było zbadanie mikrostruktury oraz właściwości magnetycznych czteroskładnikowych stopów Fe73Me5Y3B19 (gdzie Me = Ti lub Nb) o strukturze amorficznej, otrzymanych techniką ultraszybkiego zestalania ciekłego stopu na miedzianym obracającym się bębnie. Strukturę odlanych taśm badano za pomocą dyfraktometru rentgenowskiego firmy "Bruker". Z pomiarów tych wynika, że obydwa czteroskładnikowe stopy w stanie po odlaniu były amorficzne. Statyczne pętle histerezy zmierzone przy użyciu magnetometru wibracyjnego (VSM) firmy "LeakeSchore", były typowe jak dla ferromagnetyków magnetycznie miękkich, a wytworzone stopy Fe73Nb5Y3B19 i Fe73Ti5Y3B19 cechowały się względnie wysoką magnetyzacją nasycenia (odpowiednio: 1.25 T i 1.26 T) i małym polem koercji (odpowiednio: 16 A/m i 47 A/m). Straty energii potrzebnej na jeden cykl przemagnesowania dla obydwu badanych stopów były znacznie mniejsze niż dla komercyjnie produkowanych stali transformatorowych FeSi. Wytworzone stopy wykazywały dobrą stabilność czasową oraz temperaturową właściwości magnetycznych (w wyznaczonym zakresie temperatur), któwą określono na podstawie pomiarów podatności magnetycznej i jej dezakomodacji

Microstructure and properties of geopolymeric binders prepared using fly ash

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu alkalicznej modyfikacji na mikrostrukturę i inne właściwości popiołów lotnych. Badaniami objęte zostały popioły lotne konwencjonalne ze spalania węgla kamiennego i brunatnego, popioły lotne z procesów współspalania biomasy i popioły fluidalne. Wytypowane do badań popioły poddano aktywacji roztworami alkalicznymi. Warunki aktywacji zostały określone w oparciu o dane literaturowe, a uściślono je na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wstępnych tak, aby przy możliwie prostych i znanych procesach uzyskać produkt charakteryzujący się odpowiednimi cechami. Uzyskane produkty badane były przy pomocy wielu, nawzajem uzupełniających się metod badawczych: mikroskopii elektronowej, analizy dyfraktometrycznej, termicznej analizy różnicowej. Przeprowadzone zostały również badania cech fizycznych, w szczególności wytrzymałościowych. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że alkaliczna aktywacja 8-molowym roztworem NaOH, przy stosowaniu procesu niskoprężnego naparzania, może być skuteczna dla otrzymania z popiołów lotnych geopolimerowych wysoko wytrzymałościowych spoiw.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of alkaline modification on microstructure and other properties of the fly ash. The study included the conventional fly ash from bituminous and brown coal combustion, fly ash from biomass co-combustion and fluidized bed combustion. Selected for testing ashes were activated alkaline solutions. The activation conditions have been determined on the basis of literature data and specified on the basis of preliminary researches so to obtain a product with the appropriate features using possibly simple and well-known process. The resulting products were tested using a series of complementary research methods: electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The investigations of physical properties were carried out, in particular strength development. The results showed that alkaline activation of 8 M NaOH solution, with the process of the low pressure curing, can be effective for obtain high-strength geopolymeric binders out of fly ashes