Regression Models For Prediction Of Water Quality In Krishna River

The River Krishna and its tributaries drain three important states of South India. The river water plays a very important role in the overall socioeconomic development of Andhra Pradesh.  In large river basins monitoring non-point sources pollution is rather difficult and expensive and is subjected to analytical errors. Hence, modeling water quality using land use data of the basin is attempted in the present study. The contribution from non-point sources (runoff from the river basin) is quiet considerable as the river drains various type of land uses. In this context, it is necessary to make a detailed study of the water quality of the river, to estimate the level of pollution and also main sources of pollution. Correlation studies explain the relationships, between dissolved solids concentration and land use of the basins. The multiple regression models accounted for significant variation in concentrations for majority of dissolved solids. The predicted concentrations are in good agreement with the observed values. The proposed models can be useful for planning land use controls in integrated water quality management program. As water quality of flowing water is closely linked to the land use in the basin, it is essential to include land use management in future river basin planning. Carefully designed land use studies to identify characterized and quantity of non point sources is essential elements to be emphasized to plan water quality management programme. The results of study indicate relative importance of non point sources pollution in addition to point sources pollution. Keywords: Dissolved solids, Land use planning , Regression models, Water quality

Diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in various respiratory diseases at esic medical college hospital Sanath Nagar

Background: Fiber-optic bronchoscopy is a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic technique for pulmonary disease diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the demographic profiles, indications, bronchoscopic findings, and diagnosis of individuals who had a bronchoscopic examination. Materials and Methods: For a year, 150 patients received bronchoscopies at the ESICMCH hospital in Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, in the department of pulmonary medicine. All of the subjects underwent a thorough clinical history, physical examination, and standard tests. Sputum examination (for acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining, gramme staining, culture/sensitivity, KOH staining, malignant cells), hematological examination, and coagulation profile were performed on all patients. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was then performed on all of the patients. Under topical anesthetic (2% lignocaine), flexible bronchoscopy was done with a fiberoptic scope via the transnasal route. Pulse oximetry was used to measure oxygenation throughout the process. After a thorough inspection of the endobronchial tree, appropriate samples such as bronchoscopic aspirate, brushing, and biopsy were taken, depending on the lesion. Depending on the clinical diagnosis and bronchoscopic findings, samples were submitted to cytology and histology. Results: Out of 150 patients, 100 (66.67%) were males and 50 (33.33%) were females

Constrained Static/Dynamic Economic Emission Load Dispatch Using Elephant Herd Optimization

The rapid growth in greenhouse gases (GHGs), the lack of electricity production, and an ever-increasing demand for electrical energy requires an optimal reduction in coal-fired thermal generating units (CFTGU) with the aim of minimizing fuel costs and emissions. Previous approaches have been unable to deal with such problems due to the non-convexity of realistic scenarios and confined optimum convergence. Instead, meta-heuristic techniques have gained more attention in order to deal with such constrained static/dynamic economic emission load dispatch (ELD/DEELD) problems, due to their flexibility and derivative-free structures. Hence, in this work, the elephant herd optimization (EHO) technique is proposed in order to solve constrained non-convex static and dynamic ELD problems in the power system. The proposed EHO algorithm is a nature-inspired technique that utilizes a new separation method and elitism strategy in order to retain the diversity of the population and to ensure that the fittest individuals are retained in the next generation. The current approach can be implemented to minimize both the fuel and emission cost functions of the CFTGUs subject to power balance constraints, active power generation limits, and ramp rate limits in the system. Three test systems involving 6, 10, and 40 units were utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness and practical feasibility of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results indicate that the proposed EHO algorithm exhibits better performance in most of the test cases as compared to recent existing algorithms when applied to the static and dynamic ELD issue, demonstrating its superiority and practicability

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute organophosphorous insecticide poisoning

Objective: To study the antioxidant status and the extent of oxidative stress in patients with organophosphorus insecticide (OPI) poisoning before and after specific treatment. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in eighty-four OPI poisoned patients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonyl aldehyde (MDA) levels were estimated as an index of antioxidant status and oxidative stress respectively and comparisons were made (a) between different grades of poisoning based on clinical features and anticholinesterase (AChE) levels, (b) before and after therapy with atropine sulfate plus pralidoxime (PAM) and (c) between healthy control subjects and OPI poisoned patients. Results: There was a progressive fall in both the RBC and plasma AChE levels which correlated with the severity of poisoning. Upon therapy, profound improvement in the AChE levels was observed (an increase by 20.5% and 20.9% in RBC and plasma AChE levels respectively). There was also an increase in the MDA levels which nearly doubled in OPI poisoned patients who failed to survive (3.6 + 0.92 to 6.7 + 2.3 nM/ml). SOD levels increased parallel to the severity of poisoning, but did not normalize after therapy. Conclusion: The increased level of MDA in OPI poisoned patients who failed to survive was probably reflective of accelerated lipid peroxidation, cell damage and death (oxidative stress). Significant improvement was noticed in the AChE (serum and RBC) levels of patients with specific treatment but without much change in the antioxidant status as reflected by the SOD and MDA levels

Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Urban Centres of Haryana (India) in Relation to Different Anthropogenic Activities and Health Risks

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com . Copyright Springer DOI : 10.1007/s10661-005-9161-xConsidering the mounting evidences of the effects of air pollution on health, the present study was undertaken to assess the ambient air quality status in the fast growing urban centres of Haryana state, India. The samples were collected for total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and for oxides of nitrogen (NO2) during different seasons from 8 districts of Haryana during January, 1999 to September, 2000. The four types of sampling sites with different anthropogenic activities i.e. residential, sensitive, commercial and industrial were identified in each city. The ambient air concentration of TSPM and PM10 observed was well above the prescribed standards at almost all the sites. The average ambient air concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were found below the permissible limits at all the centres. Comparatively higher concentration of SO2 was observed during winter seasons, which seems to be related with the enhanced combustion of fuel for space heating and comparatively stable atmospheric conditions. Air Quality Index (AQI) prepared for these cities shows that residential, sensitive and commercial areas were moderately to severely polluted which is a cause of concern for the residents of these cities. The high levels of TSPM and SO2 especially in winter are of major health concern because of their synergistic action. The data from Hisar city reveals a significant increase in the total number of hospital visits/admissions of the patients with acute respiratory diseases during winter season when the level of air pollutants was high.Peer reviewe