Antibody localization in horse, rabbit, and goat antilymphocyte sera

The localization of antibodies was studied in rabbit, goat, and horse ALS raised by weekly immunization with canine or human spleen cells for 4 to 12 weeks. A combination of analytic techniques was used including column chromatography, electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, determination of protein concentration, and measurement of antibody titers. In the rabbit and goat ALS, virtually all of the leukoagglutinins and lymphocytotoxins were in the easily separable IgG; accidentally induced thromboagglutinins were in the same location. In the rabbit hemagglutinins were found in both the IgG and IgM, whereas in the goat these were almost exclusively in the IgM. The antiwhite cell antibodies were most widely distributed in the horse. The cytotoxins were primarily in the IgG, but the leukoagglutinins were most heavily concentrated in the T-equine globulin which consists mostly of IgA. By differential ammonium sulfate precipitation of a horse antidoglymphocyte serum, fractions were prepared that were rich in IgG and IgA. Both were able to delay the rejection of canine renal homografts, the IgA-rich preparation to a somewhat greater degree. The findings in this study have been discussed in relation to the refining techniques that have been used for the production of globulin from heterologous ALS. © 1970

Computers and the Local Church: a Profile of Computer Utilization by Presbyterians

Curriculum and Instructio

Endothelial Injury in Scleroderma

Scleroderma, which follows rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus as the third most prevalent rheumatic disorder, is poorly understood. Connective tissue abnormalities have been explored extensively (1); recently, vascular involvement has been emphasized as a unifying pathogenetic concept (2, 3). The vascular features in scleroderma include Raynaud\u27s phenomenon; an early, edematous phase of the disorder; telangiectasia; capillary abnormalities as seen by nailfold and ultrastructural microscopy; and widespread vascular pathology noted in all involved organs. The most striking histological abnormalities occur in small arteries and arterioles and consist of distinctive intimal proliferation of cells arranged concentrically in a matrix of ground substance; the cells are thought to originate from medial smooth muscle and to migrate toward the intima after injury to the endothelium (4). Evidence for endothelial injury includes: (a) the disappearance of endothelium in association with thrombosis or fibrinoid necrosis in ultrastructural studies; (b) the absence of endothelial cells within the thickened intima (4, 3) the duplication of basement membrane, a common observation in scleroderma and known to occur after endothelial perturbation in other settings. The ability to isolate, characterize, and maintain endothelial cells in vitro provides a target-cell population to study endothelial damage in scleroderma. The present report describes the effect of scleroderma serum on endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cell types. Sera from patients with scleroderma (31/52) and Raynaud\u27s syndrome (11/19) contain cytotoxic activity specific for endothelial cells which is nondialyzable, heat-stable, and elutes with albumin on gel-filtration chromatography

Effects of video modeling on social initiations by children with autism

We examined the effects of a video modeling intervention on social initiation and play behaviors with three children with autism using a multiple-baseline across subjects design. Each child watched a videotape showing a typically developing peer and the experimenter engaged in a simple social interactive play using one toy. For all children social initiation and reciprocal play skills were enhanced and these effects maintained at a 1- and 3- month follow-up period

Scaling violation in hadron-nucleus interaction

The scaling violation within the pionization region in the energy range of 0.2 to 2.0 TeV is shown on the basis of the analysis of angular characteristics in the interactions of the cosmic radiation hadrons with the nuclei of various substances (CH2, Al, Cu, Pb)

Endothelial injury in scleroderma.

Scleroderma, which follows rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus as the third most prevalent rheumatic disorder, is poorly understood. Connective tissue abnormalities have been explored extensively (1); recently, vascular involvement has been emphasized as a unifying pathogenetic concept (2, 3). The vascular features in scleroderma include Raynaud\u27s phenomenon; an early, edematous phase of the disorder; telangiectasia; capillary abnormalities as seen by nailfold and ultrastructural microscopy; and widespread vascular pathology noted in all involved organs. The most striking histological abnormalities occur in small arteries and arterioles and consist of distinctive intimal proliferation of cells arranged concentrically in a matrix of ground substance; the cells are thought to originate from medial smooth muscle and to migrate toward the intima after injury to the endothelium (4). Evidence for endothelial injury includes: (a) the disappearance of endothelium in association with thrombosis or fibrinoid necrosis in ultrastructural studies; (b) the absence of endothelial cells within the thickened intima (4, 3) the duplication of basement membrane, a common observation in scleroderma and known to occur after endothelial perturbation in other settings. The ability to isolate, characterize, and maintain endothelial cells in vitro provides a target-cell population to study endothelial damage in scleroderma. The present report describes the effect of scleroderma serum on endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cell types. Sera from patients with scleroderma (31/52) and Raynaud\u27s syndrome (11/19) contain cytotoxic activity specific for endothelial cells which is nondialyzable, heat-stable, and elutes with albumin on gel-filtration chromatography

The emergence of the cortisol circadian rhythm in monozygotic and dizygotic twin infants: the twin-pair synchrony

OBJECTIVE: Studies on the influence of genetic factors on the ontogeny of cortisol circadian rhythm in infants are lacking. This study evaluated the influence of twinning and the heritability on the age of emergence of salivary cortisol rhythm. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A longitudinal study was performed using salivary samples obtained during morning and night, at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of postnatal life in 34 infants, 10 monozygotic (MZ) and 7 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. Salivary cortisol was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Zigosity was verified by DNA analysis of at least 13 short tandem repeat polymorphisms. Difference of the emergence of cortisol circadian rhythm, within each twin pair, the intraclass correlation coefficient and the heritability index (h(2)) were calculated. RESULTS: The mean (± SEM) age of emergence of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm was similar in MZ and DZ (7·8 ± 1·0 vs 7·4 ± 1·3 weeks). Seven pairs showed coincidence of the emergence of cortisol rhythm. Ten pairs were not coincident; among them the within-pair difference of emergence of salivary circadian rhythm was similar in both MZ and DZ groups. The intraclass correlation coefficients were rMZ = 0·60, P = 0·02; and rDZ = 0·65, P = 0·03, respectively. The heritability index (h(2)) was 0·21 (ns). CONCLUSIONS: Salivary circadian rhythm appeared at the same postnatal age in MZ and DZ twin infants. Although several physiological aspects might be involved, the heritability index, obtained in the present study, suggests less genetic than environmental impact on the age of the onset of the cortisol circadian rhythm. Our data also indicated that each twin-pair show synchrony because they probably shared prenatal and postnatal environmental synchronizers

Assembly of the Murine Leukemia Virus Is Directed towards Sites of Cell–Cell Contact

Applying 4D imaging, this study investigates the mechanism by which cell-cell contact enhances retrovirus spreading and demonstrates that viral budding is highly polarized towards sites of cell-cell contact

A comparison of laboratory, clinical and self-report measures of prospective memory in healthy adults and individuals with brain injury

Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have demonstrated deficits in prospective memory (PM) functioning when compared to healthy adults. These deficits have been measured using laboratory measures, clinical measures and self-report questionnaires. However, PM has been shown to involve multiple cognitive processes and have a variety of stages. Thus, it is not known if these measures all assess the same aspects of PM. Thus, this study was designed to measure the convergent validity of the three types of PM measures in both healthy adults and individuals with TBI. We aimed to investigate the convergent validity of the three types of tasks in two ways. First, we sought to investigate if the PM deficits experienced by people with TBI are consistent across tasks. And, second, we sought to examine the relationship between the three types of tasks. Results demonstrated that while all three types of measures were sensitive to PM deficits in TBI, there were differences in the aspects/processes of PM being measured. Data from the laboratory measure suggested a specific difficulty with detecting the correct cue. Data from the clinical measure suggested that TBI has a greater effect on time-based cues than event-based cues and that the primary deficit is a prospective intention retrieval deficit rather than the retrospective memory component. In addition, those with TBI did not differ from healthy adults when the time delay was short enough, suggesting that PM is not universally impaired. Data from the self-report questionnaire suggested that those with TBI are more sensitive to difficulties with basic activities of daily living rather than instrumental activities on daily living. These results are discussed in terms of rehabilitation techniques that could focus first on cue detection and use basic activities of daily living as outcome measures

Common Raven Impacts on Nesting Western Snowy Plovers: Integrating Management to Facilitate Species Recovery

The U.S. Pacific coast population of the western snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus; plover) has declined due to loss and degradation of coastal habitats, predation, and anthropogenic disturbance. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the subspecies in 1993 as threatened under the Endangered Species Act due to the population declines and habitat loss. Predation of nests and chicks has been identified as an important cause of historic population declines, and thus, most predator management actions for this subspecies are focused on reducing this pressure. In recent years, common ravens (Corvus corax; ravens) have become the most common and pervasive predators of plover nests and chicks, especially in areas with subsidized food sources for ravens and sites without predator management. We compiled data from a variety of sources to document the impact of raven predation on plover nesting success. We discuss current raven management and suggest several tools and strategies to increase plover nesting success, including multi-state approval for the use of the avicide DRC-1339, the use of lures and new trap types, and an increase in funding for predator management. The lack of coordinated and integrated management continues to impede the recovery of the Pacific coast plover population