Pengaruh Kecemasan, Kesulitan Belajar, dan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Hasil Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 8 Kupang

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara kecemasan, kesulitan belajar dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 8 Kupang. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 8 Kupang dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 78 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear sederhana dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa baik secara parsial maupun simultan, kecemasan, kesulitan belajar, dan motivasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar matematika sisw

Kajian Hypothetical Learning Trajectories dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Tingkat SMP

Mathematics learning in this era requires teachers to be able to develop learning models that pay attention to the characteristics of students, so it is important for teachers to know learning trajectory. This study aims to describe the conception of learning trajectory and hypothetical learning trajectory, as well as presenting the design of hypothetical learning trajectories in mathematics learning. Based on the theories studied, it is concluded that hypothetical learning trajectory is a learning design in the form of allegations on student learning activities based on initial understanding and characteristics of students to achieve higher understanding. HLT has three main components namely learning objectives, learning activities, and hypotheses of the learning process. HLT is used by teachers as a guide to predict and prepare learning flow designs that are appropriate to the stages of student thinking and can improve student learning outcomes. The findings of previous studies show that to design HLT in mathematics learning, educators need to consider student obstacle learning, a hierarchy of material, and learning support capacity, so that learning activities to be hypothesized are built based on these things. It is recommended that future researchers can use the existing HLT, and also develop HLT in other materials that have not been tested by further studying HLT and whatever affects it, research with different differences can be used.Pembelajaran matematika di era sekarang ini menuntut guru untuk mampu mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang memperhatikan karakteristik peserta didik, sehingga penting bagi guru untuk mengetahui learning trajectory. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsepsi learning trajectory dan hypothetical learning trajectories, mendeskripsikan fungsi dan komponen hypothetical learning trajectories, serta menyajikan desain hypothetical learning trajectories dalam pembelajaran matematika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini yaitu kajian pustaka. Berdasarkan teori-teori yang dikaji, disimpulkan bahwa hypothetical learning trajectory merupakan desain pembelajaran berupa dugaan terhadap aktivitas pembelajaran siswa berdasarkan pemahaman awal dan karakteristik siswa untuk mencapai pemahaman lebih tinggi. HLT memiliki tiga komponen utama yaitu tujuan pembelajaran, aktivitas belajar, dan hipotesis proses pembelajaran. HLT digunakan guru sebagai pedoman untuk memprediksi dan menyiapkan desain alur pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tahapan berpikir siswa dan dapat memperbaiki hasil belajar siswa. Temuan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan bahwa untuk mendesain HLT dalam pembelajaran matematika, pendidik perlu mempertimbangkan learning obstacle siswa, hirarki materi, serta daya dukung pembelajaran, sehingga aktivitas belajar yang akan dihipotesiskan dibangun berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut. Direkomendasikan agar peneliti selanjutnya dapat menerapkan HLT yang sudah ada, serta mengembangkan HLT pada materi yang belum diujicobakan dengan mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai HLT serta apa saja yang memengaruhinya, sehingga dapat melakukan penelitian dengan tinjauan yang berbeda-beda

META-ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR MATEMATIS SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh penggunaan problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa dan perbedaan pengaruh penggunaan problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir matemati siswa ditinjau dari jenis berpikir matematis, jenjang pendidikan, dan tahun penelitian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan meta-analisis. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan sampel 42 artikel penelitian eksperimen. Hasil analisis secara keseluruhan rata-rata besar pengaruh penggunaan problem based learning memiliki pengaruh yang tinggi terhadap kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa yaitu sebesar 0,86. Selain itu, hasil uji hipotesis perbedaan pengaruh berdasarkan jenis berpikir matematis memberikan hasil signifikansi , dan perbedaan pengaruh berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan memberikan hasil , sehingga tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh penggunaan problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa jika ditinjau berdasarkan jenis berpikir matematis dan jenjang pendidikan, sedangkan perbedaan pengaruh berdasarkan tahun penelitian memberikan hasil , ini menunjukan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa ditinjau dari tahun penelitian. &nbsp

Evidence of Υ(1S)→J/ψ+χc1\Upsilon(1S) \to J/\psi+\chi_{c1} and search for double-charmonium production in Υ(1S)\Upsilon(1S) and Υ(2S)\Upsilon(2S) decays

Using data samples of $102\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $158\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected with the Belle detector, a first experimental search has been made for double-charmonium production in the exclusive decays $\Upsilon(1S,2S)\rightarrow J/\psi(\psi')+X$, where $X=\eta_c$, $\chi_{cJ} (J=~0,~1,~2)$, $\eta_c(2S)$, $X(3940)$, and $X(4160)$. No significant signal is observed in the spectra of the mass recoiling against the reconstructed $J/\psi$ or $\psi'$ except for the evidence of $\chi_{c1}$ production with a significance of $4.6\sigma$ for $\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1}$. The measured branching fraction \BR(\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1}) is $(3.90\pm1.21(\rm stat.)\pm0.23 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-6}$. The $90\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of the other modes having a significance of less than $3\sigma$ are determined. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations using the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. The fit range was extended to include X(4160) signal according to referee's suggestions. Other results unchanged. Paper was accepted for publication as a regular article in Physical Review

Assessment of Air Pollution by PM10 and PM2.5 in Nawabshah City, Sindh, Pakistan

Increased traffic density due to urbanization is a major cause of air quality deterioration. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes one of the most challenging issues in environmental research. This study was designed to assess PM10 and PM2.5 pollution at ten main locations in Nawabshah. Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 pollution was carried randomly at different selected locations of the city. The highest concentration of PM10 was found at Mohini bazar (MB) and the highest concentration for PM2.5 was found at New Naka (NN). The mean concentration of PM10 was 78.3% higher than world health organization (WHO) standards and 35% than Pakistan’s National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 47.3% and 26.3% higher respectively. Mean concentrations of PM2.5 on day-2 and day-10 were found lower than those set by NEQS, while mean concentrations of PM10 on all days exceeded the WHO and NEQS standards indicating that the city was heavily polluted more with PM10 than with PM2.5. Re-suspension of dust particles due to traffic flow, open burning of unmanaged solid waste on the sides of the road and in the street, and improper handling of construction and demolition waste were identified as the main sources for PM pollution in the city. Exposure to higher levels of PM10 and PM2.5 can cause health problems. High levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are a call for the implementation of strict measures to control PM pollution at Nawabshah in order to protect public health and the environment

NLRX1 Sequesters STING to Negatively Regulate the Interferon Response, Thereby Facilitating the Replication of HIV-1 and DNA Viruses

SummaryUnderstanding the negative regulators of antiviral immune responses will be critical for advancing immune-modulated antiviral strategies. NLRX1, an NLR protein that negatively regulates innate immunity, was previously identified in an unbiased siRNA screen as required for HIV infection. We find that NLRX1 depletion results in impaired nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA in human monocytic cells. Additionally, NLRX1 was observed to reduce type-I interferon (IFN-I) and cytokines in response to HIV-1 reverse-transcribed DNA. NLRX1 sequesters the DNA-sensing adaptor STING from interaction with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which is a requisite for IFN-1 induction in response to DNA. NLRX1-deficient cells generate an amplified STING-dependent host response to cytosolic DNA, c-di-GMP, cGAMP, HIV-1, and DNA viruses. Accordingly, Nlrx1−/− mice infected with DNA viruses exhibit enhanced innate immunity and reduced viral load. Thus, NLRX1 is a negative regulator of the host innate immune response to HIV-1 and DNA viruses