Infrared spectroscopic studies of the oxide-​hydroxides of nickel, cobalt, and manganese

Metal oxide-​hydroxides of the general formula MO(OH) (M = Ni3+, Co3+ and Mn3+) are actually bronzes of the corresponding quadrivalent metal oxides and should be represented as HxMO2 (x = 1)​. IR spectroscopic studies show that these compds. do not exhibit any OH stretch. The protons seem to be delocalized between slabs of MO2

Fully nonlinear excitations of non-Abelian plasma

We investigate fully nonlinear, non-Abelian excitations of quark-antiquark plasma, using relativistic fluid theory in cold plasma approximation. There are mainly three important nonlinearities, coming from various sources such as non-Abelian interactions of Yang-Mills (YM) fields, Wong's color dynamics and plasma nonlinearity, in our model. By neglecting nonlinearities due to plasma and color dynamics we get back the earlier results of Blaizot {\it et. al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3317 (1994). Similarly, by neglecting YM fields nonlinearity and plasma nonlinearity, it reduces to the model of Gupta {\it et. al.}, Phys. Lett. B498, 223 (2005). Thus we have the most general non-Abelian mode of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Further, our model resembles the problem of propagation of laser beam through relativistic plasma, Physica 9D, 96 (1983). in the absence of all non-Abelian interactions.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, articl

Statistical mechanics of confined quantum particles

We develop statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of Bose and Fermi systems in relativistic harmonic oscillator (RHO) confining potential, which may be applicable in quark gluon plasma (QGP), astrophysics, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), condensed matter physics etc. Detailed study of QGP system is carried out and compared with lattice results. Further, as an application, our equation of state (EoS) of QGP is used to study compact stars like quark star.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, articl

Relative humidity-​induced reversible hydration of sulfate-​intercalated layered double hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are extremely important materials for industrial processes. In the environment, LDH physicochem. behavior depends in large part on their hydration state, but characterization of these hydration effect on their properties is incomplete. This work examd. interpoly-​type transitions induced by variations in ambient humidity among LDH. The cooperative behavior of intercalated water mols. resulted in a sudden, single-​step, reversible dehydration of the [Zn-​Cr-​SO4] LDH. The [Zn-​Al-​SO4] LDH provided an interesting contrast with: the coexistence of hydration cycle end-​members at a 40-​20​% relative humidity range during the dehydration cycle; and a random inter-​stratified intermediate in the hydration cycle. These observations showed the [Zn-​Al-​SO4] LDH offered sites with a range of hydration enthalpies, where at crit. hydration levels (20-​40​%)​, non-​uniform swelling of the structure resulted in an inter-​stratified phase. Domain size variation during reversible hydration was also responsible for differences obsd. in hydration vs. the dehydration pathways. This behavior was attributed to distortion in the OH-​ array which departs from hexagonal symmetry due to cation ordering as shown in structure refinement by the Rietveld method. This distortion was much less in [Zn-​Cr-​SO4] LDH, where the nearly hexagonal OH-​ array offered sites of uniform hydration enthalpy for intercalated water mols. On this case, all water mols. experienced the same force of attraction and dehydrated reversibly in a single step. Changes in basal spacing were also accompanied by interpoly-​type transitions involving rigid translations of metal hydroxide layers relative to one another

Physico-chemical attributes and organoleptic assessment of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars grown in eastern Uttar Pradesh

A study was conducted to evaluate the different guava cultivars for their physico-chemical composition and organoleptic assessment during the year 2012-2013. Results of study indicated that Gorakh Bilas Pasand cultivar proved to be superior on the basis of physical characters (Length-7.64 cm, Breadth-7.79 cm , Weight-240.60 g, Number of seeds per fruit-251 etc.) followed by Lucknow-49. However, Lucknow-49 was found noteworthy in respect of chemical composition (TSS-13.00 oBrix, Acidity-0.50%, pH-5.86, Vitamin C-300.36 mg/100g etc). In organoleptic assessment, it was found that ‘liked very much’ rating was provided by consumer to Lucknow-49. On the basis of overall findings, it was concluded that ‘Lucknow-49’ was superior in most of characters studied and might be one of the promising cultivars for quality fruits under eastern Uttar Pradesh conditions

Assessment of provisional ecosystem services in Vypin Island, Cochin Backwater and payment for coastal ecosystem services

Assessment of provisional ecosystem services in Vypin Island, Cochin Backwater and payment for coastal ecosystem service

Some observations on the beaked sea snake Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin, 1803) in the mudbank area, off Alapuzha, Kerala, southwest coast of India

Hook-nosed sea snake or beaked snake, Enhydrina schistosa were caught during experimental fishing operations in the mudbank region along central Kerala Coast at depths ranging from 6 to 12 m. The sea snakes were found to form aggregations of 5 to 6 numbers and were able to tolerate highly turbid waters. The catfish Arius jella and the puffer fish Lagocephalus inermis were the dominant prey items. mudbanks are unusually calm areas which form along the Kerala coast during the monsoon. The inshore waters including the mudbanks are intense fishing areas of non mechanized crafts during the monsoon. The presence of venomous sea snakes is precarious and there is a need to give awareness programme for the fishers about this danger

Convective thundercloud development over the western ghats mountain slope in Kerala

Studies were carried out on the data from Braemore mountain observatory (lat. 8°45'N, long. 77°5'E) using a single-lens ceilometer (LIDAR), an electric field mill and a portable automatic weather station throughout the year 2010. The simultaneous data collected using the above instruments indicate the existence of strong updrafts followed by the formation of thunderclouds, a characteristic of the mountain slopes, during the thunderstorm months. Changes in atmosphere related to condensation and formation of water droplets during updraft events on the mountain slope could be detected from the ceilometer scattering data. Results of the study point to the cause of relatively more thunderstorm activity in that zone. This seems to be due to excessive updraft, which is strongly related to lightning activity in the region