Effect of Rotational Modulation on Rayleigh – B´enard Convection in a Couple Stress Liquid

The Rayleigh-B´enard convection in a couple stress liquid with rotational modulation is studied using the linear analysis based on normal mode technique. The stability of a horizontal layer of fluid heated from below is examined when, in addition to a steady rotation, a time-periodic sinusoidal perturbation is applied. The expression for Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number are obtained using regular perturbation method. The expression for correction Rayleigh number is obtained as a function of frequency of modulation, Taylor number, Couple Stress parameter and Prandtl number. It is observed that rotational modulation leads to delay in onset of convection. Rotation modulation is an example of external control of internal convection

EFFICACY OF MULTI-MODEL INTERVENTION ON REDUCING PERCEIVED BURDEN AMONG CAREGIVERS OF INDIVIDUAL WITH PSYCHIATRIC ISSUES: A SINGLE GROUP PILOT STUDY

Abstract Background: Despite the crucial role of caregivers in handling psychiatric patients, addressing caregivers burden in the home or hospital setting is remains a significant challenge in the psychiatric nursing. Objective: The purpose of this study is aimed to examine the efficacy of a newly developed Multi-Model Intervention for the caregivers who handling / taking care of psychiatric patients, specifically in Salem District. Methods: This is a single-group pretest-posttest study utilized with randomization. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS/CBS) was administered to 261 caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness for early screening. Thirty (30) caregivers were randomly selected who have scored higher in CBS for this study. Results: The results revealed that there is no significant gender difference on burden score on the baseline measure. On comparing pretest-posttest of burden score, it was found that the Multi-Model Intervention program significantly reduced the burden score of caregiver (t-value=6.39).Conclusion: This newly developed Multi-Model Intervention was significantly helped to reduce the burden of the caregivers and gains in handling skills, relaxed mood, reduced stress level, and were found as well. These findings provide promising evidence of the effectiveness of this newly developed Multi-Model Intervention for the caregivers as a strategy to promote caregiver’s personal and psychosocial well-being

Prune belly syndrome (sequenze): a case report

The Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) also known as Eagle Barret syndrome is a rare disorder. It is an abdominal muscles deficiency syndrome characterized by a Triad syndrome i.e. deficiency of abdominal wall muscles, failure of testicular descent and dilation of the urinary tract. This syndrome has derived its name from the wrinkled prune appearance of the abdominal wall. Prune Belly syndrome is a rare anomaly seen in one in 35,000-50,000 live births. It occurs in all races. Prune Belly syndrome almost exclusively occurs in males (M:F, 20:1). The diagnosis can be made in utero by ultrasonography at 21 weeks of gestation or in the Neonate with characteristic clinical findings.                                                                                 The present case was a dead male fetus of 20 weeks of gestation sent to Anatomy department after Medical termination of pregnancy, due to congenital anomalies identified in routine ultrasound examination during antenatal checkup

Growth of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fed on Hybrid Napier Grass (CO-3) Mixed Diet

The study was performed to examine the efficiency of hybrid napier grass (CO-3) mixed diet on growth performance of freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella. Alive grass carp fingerlings were collected from commercial fish farm in Thanjavur from June 2015 to May 2016. Fishes were divided into two groups and acclimated for 7 days before feeding trial. The fishes were fed with control and experimental diet. The growth parameters such ABW, ABL, BWG and SGR were thoroughly studied adopting standard procedure. The result of the study clearly indicates that there was a significant variation in growth of control and experimental fishes. The fish fed with CO-3 grass mixed diet showed elevated level in body weight, body length, weight gain and specific growth rate. This study suggests that the CO-3 grass mixed diet is more suitable for grass carp aquaculture practice. Keywords: Hybrid Napier grass, CO-3, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Specific growth rate

Effect of Cynodon dactylon on the haematological parameters and haematocrit of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Cynodon dactylon on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella. The study reveals that there was a slight variation noticed in total serum protein, globulin, albumin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. There was a significant variation observed in Red blood corpuscles (RBC), White blood corpuscles (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), MCH, MCHC, PCV in the blood of grass carp fed with control and Cynodon dactylon mixed diet. The protein content of experimental fishes showed higher value than other components. The result of the study indicates that the fish are rich source of animal protein and moderate amount of cholesterol and triglycerides. Hence, it suggested that the fish consumed medicinal plants are suitable for human consumption. Keywords: Grass carp, Cynodon dactylon, Haematology, Haematocrit

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Aim: Ketorolac tromethamine is used for the treatment of a number of infections including infection of joints and bones, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, anthrax, skin structural infections, and typhoid fever, and it also used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and nosocomial pneumonia. Objective: Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and pediatrics, due to physiological changes associated with these groups. Conclusion: In the present work, it has been observed from all formulations of pre-compression and post-compression studies were given within the limit of values. The in vitro dissolution data, F1 (combination of different superdisintegrants) when compared to other formulation

An Intelligent Gain based Ant Colony Optimisation Method for Path Planning of Unmanned Ground Vehicles

 In many of the military applications, path planning is one of the crucial decision-making strategies in an unmanned autonomous system. Many intelligent approaches to pathfinding and generation have been derived in the past decade. Energy reduction (cost and time) during pathfinding is a herculean task. Optimal path planning not only means the shortest path but also finding one in the minimised cost and time. In this paper, an intelligent gain based ant colony optimisation and gain based green-ant (GG-Ant) have been proposed with an efficient path and least computation time than the recent state-of-the-art intelligent techniques. Simulation has been done under different conditions and results outperform the existing ant colony optimisation (ACO) and green-ant techniques with respect to the computation time and path length

Development and in-vitro Evaluation of a Topical Drug Delivery System Containing Betamethazone Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Nanospheres

Purpose: Lipid nanospheres are used for the passive targeting of cosmetic agents to skin, thereby achieving major benefits such as reduction of total dose and avoidance of systemic absorption. The present study was carried out to exploit the feasibility of using polymeric nanospheres as an alternative and cheaper carrier for targeting corticosteroids to the skin. Methods: Nanospheres were prepared from ethyl cellulose by a modified method of desolvation and cross linking. The drug betamethazone was incorporated into nanospheres and the drug: polymer ratio was evaluated to determine the carrier capacity of the polymer. In-vitro release studies of drug-loaded nanospheres were carried out by the centrifugal ultrafiltration method. The kinetics of release was determined and fitted to an empirical equation. The release of drug from drug-loaded nanospheres dispersing in a conventional cream was evaluated. A comparative in-vitro diffusion study was carried out between a commercial brand of cream and the cream incorporating nanospheres. Results: Formulation of nanospheres of betamethazone by a modified method produced discrete particles. Studies on drug:polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between drug concentration and percentage of loading. The in-vitro release of drug-loaded nanospheres was found to be first order. The comparative in-vitro diffusion study between the commercial cream and the formulated cream showed a marked reduction in release rate from nanospheres-bound cream. Conclusion: Formulated topical cream containing nanospheres of betamethazone was found to be a potential dermal delivery system for sustaining the release of the drug. Keywords: Nanospheres, desolvation and cross-linking method, ethyl cellulose, betamethazone, in-vitro diffusion studies.> Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 (2) 2005: pp. 495-50

Formulation of Sodium Alginate Nanospheres Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Systemic Candidiasis

Purpose: The aim of this work was to formulate sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B by controlled gellification method and to evaluate the role of the nanospheres as a “passive carrier” in targeted antifungal therapy. Methods: Sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B were prepared by controlled gellification method, and the particle size analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The carrier capacity of sodium alginate was evaluated in terms of drug to polymer ratio. In vitro release study was carried out on all drug loaded nanospheres by the dialysis method. Release kinetics of drug from different drug loaded nanospheres was also determined. The in vivo antifungal efficacy of nanospheres bound drug vis-à-vis the free drug was evaluated in candidiasis- induced mice models. Results: Preparation of nanospheres through controlled gellification method yielded particles with a size range of 419.6 ± 0.28 nm. Studies on drug to polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between concentration of drug and drug loading capacity. In vitro release kinetic study revealed that the release of drug from the nanospheres followed Fickian diffusion. In vivo studies showed that the nanosphere-bound drug produced a higher antifungal efficacy than the free drug. Conclusion: The formulated sodium alginate nanospheres containing amphotericin B was found to have better antifungal activity when compared to the free drug and also yielded sustained in vitro release. Keywords: Nanospheres, sodium alginate, amphotericin B, controlled gellification method, in vitro & in vivo release > Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp. 653-65

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: a rare surgico-pathological entity

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common cancer for females in the world. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype (85%-90%), with five major histotypes- serous, mucinous, endometrioid, brenner and clear cell tumour. Each have three pathological subtypes ie benign, borderline and malignant. Mucinous cystadenomas and carcinomas of the ovary are well-established and common tumors. Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenomas and carcinomas are being very rare and histopathogenesis of which is still uncertain. Most pathologists suggest their origin through mucinous metaplasia in a pre-existing mesothelium-lined cyst. An accurate preoperative diagnosis of these tumors is challenging due to lack of established effective diagnostic measures. Hereby presenting a 50-year-old woman, who visited to the hospital with abdominal distension and discomfort since two months. Sonography and computed tomography scans were performed and showed large predominantly cystic lesion arising from right adnexa. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy for removal of the tumor. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma