Comparison of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors use in eight European cities through analysis of urban wastewater

In this work a step forward in investigating the use of prescription drugs, namely erectile dysfunction products, at European level was taken by applying the wastewater-based epidemiology approach. 24-h composite samples of untreated wastewater were collected at the entrance of eight wastewater treatment plants serving the catchment within the cities of Bristol, Brussels, Castellón, Copenhagen, Milan, Oslo, Utrecht and Zurich. A validated analytical procedure with direct injection of filtered aliquots by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied. The target list included the three active pharmaceutical ingredients (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) together with (bio)transformation products and other analogues. Only sildenafil and its two human urinary metabolites desmethyl- and desethylsildenafil were detected in the samples with concentrations reaching 60 ng L−1. The concentrations were transformed into normalized measured loads and the estimated actual consumption of sildenafil was back-calculated from these loads. In addition, national prescription data from five countries was gathered in the form of the number of prescribed daily doses and transformed into predicted loads for comparison. This comparison resulted in the evidence of a different spatial trend across Europe. In Utrecht and Brussels, prescription data could only partly explain the total amount found in wastewater; whereas in Bristol, the comparison was in agreement; and in Milan and Oslo a lower amount was found in wastewater than expected from the prescription data. This study illustrates the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology to investigate the use of counterfeit medication and rogue online pharmacy sales

Volatile constituents of three Pinus species grown in Greece

The composition of the twig, xylem and cortex resin oils of Pinus halepensis Miller, P. brutia Tenore and P. canariensis Sweet species grown in natural habitats in Attiki, Greece were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty five components were detected, characterized and quantified on the basis of their retention indices and mass spectra. The majority of the components were found to be monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. P. halepensis twig oil was found to be rich in α-pinene (15.8%), δ-3-carene (15.6%), limonene (10.2%) and β-caryophyllene (18.1%). The twig oil of P. brutia contained α-pinene (17.8%), β-pinene (25.5%), δ-3-carene (16.2%) and β-caryophyllene (12.1%), while P. canariensis twig oil contained α-pinene (43.7%), germacrene D (11.0%) and aristolene (12.5%). The cortex resin and xylem oils were all rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons

sj-xlsx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 – for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels

sj-xlsx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels by Gregory J. Rousis, Francois Alexi Martel, Jennifer K. Bosson and William B. Swann Jr. in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p

sj-xlsx-2-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 – for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels

sj-xlsx-2-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels by Gregory J. Rousis, Francois Alexi Martel, Jennifer K. Bosson and William B. Swann Jr. in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p

sj-xlsx-3-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 – for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels

sj-xlsx-3-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels by Gregory J. Rousis, Francois Alexi Martel, Jennifer K. Bosson and William B. Swann Jr. in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p

sj-docx-4-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 – Supplemental material for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-psp-10.1177_01461672231166481 for Behind the Blackpill: Self-Verification and Identity Fusion Predict Endorsement of Violence Against Women Among Self-Identified Incels by Gregory J. Rousis, Francois Alexi Martel, Jennifer K. Bosson and William B. Swann Jr. in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p