The advancement of precast development in India:A Critical survey of challenges & benefits withinthe rising residential sector

In India, traditional construction processes must be improved by the use of contemporary technologies. For the past fifty years, precast concrete construction technology has consistently provided efficient and improved quality. Modern tools and technologies can improve quality while using fewer resources such as time, money, personnel, and materials. The concept of“built it fast” within the most conservative way has not changed since the beginning; in any case, unused advances have been created to suit present-day world development.We are currently on the cusp of large-scale urbanization, which means we are facing a massive need for housing construction. With a financial development rate of 7.5 percent over the last five years, India is the world's fastest developing nation. Pre-cast concrete development innovation is one such arrangement. Pre-castinnovation, the so-called unusual strategy within the Indian field, can encourage both speed and quality and abuse the preferences that ventures offer in terms of reiterations and volume by creating structural components in a productive work environment with access to specialized abilities and hardware to reduce fetched and time uses on the location while improving the quality and consistency of Pre-cast innovation, the so-called unusual strategy within the Indian field can encourage both speed and quality and abuse the preferences that ventures offer in terms of reiterations.In the industry, precast concrete technologies are now widely used and used. Many countries currently have and deploy thermal, acoustic, and seismic resistant technology, as well as visually beautiful architectural pre-cast facades for structures

Chemical Defence in a Millipede: Evaluation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Activity of the Defensive Secretion from Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

The chemical defence of the millipede Pachyiulus hungaricus is reported in the present paper, in which a chemical characterization is given and antimicrobial activity is determined. In total, independently of sex, 44 compounds were identified. All compounds belong to two groups: quinones and pentyl and hexyl esters of long-chain fatty acids. The relative abundances of quinones and non-quinones were 94.7% vs. 5.3% (males) and 87.3% vs. 12.7% (females), respectively. The two dominant quinones in both sexes were 2-methyl-1,4,-benzoquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the defensive secretion was evaluated in vitro against seven bacterial strains and eight fungal species. With the aid of a dilution technique, the antimicrobial potential of the secretion and high sensitivity of all tested strains were confirmed. The lowest minimum concentrations of these compounds (0.20-0.25 mg/mL) were sufficient for inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The growth of eight tested fungal species was inhibited by slightly lower concentrations of the secretion, with Fusarium equisetias the most sensitive fungus and Aspergillus flavus as the most resistant. Values of MIC and MFC in the employed microdilution assay ranged from 0.10 to above 0.35 mg/m L. The given extract contains antimicrobial components potentially useful as therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries

Prospecting of Bioagents and Screening of Varieties against Anthracnose of Green Gram

Aims: Anthracnose poses a significant threat to green gram cultivation in India. This study focused on evaluating various bioagents and cultivars efficacy in combating Collectotrichum lindemuthianum through in vitro bioassays and glasshouse investigations. Study Design:  Dual culture technique and screening of varieties Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India during 2020–2021. Methodology: The dual culture method was employed to gauge the potency of biocontrol agents, while variety screening helped to identify resistant and susceptible green gram varieties against C. lindemuthianum. Results: In vitro assessments revealed that among the five biocontrol agents tested, Trichoderma virens (87.63%) and T. viride (85.41%) exhibited significant suppression of mycelial growth compared to the untreated control. However, in greenhouse pot culture experiments involving eight different genotypes, none were found to be immune to green gram anthracnose. Nevertheless, Pusa 1431, KM-2328, TARM-18, and GM 6 exhibited a resistant response against anthracnose, while BPMR-145 and Vaibhav proved susceptible to the disease. Conclusion: Biocontrol agents are cost-effective and safe for disease management, while integrating resistant varieties is a solid strategy. These high-yielding, environmentally safe, and economically viable methods benefit farmers. Recognizing resistant genotypes is crucial for breeding disease-resistant varieties, as they limit field spread and reduce conidia production of C. lindemuthianum causing green gram anthracnose

In vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Effect of Bio Control Agents (BCA) against Mango Dieback Incited by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important tropical fruit crops, belongs to family anacardiaceae. Mango is infected by number of diseases at all stages of its development, among them dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. is considered to be the most destructive disease, leading to significant yield loss and low fruit quality of mango due to slowly wilting of tree. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory activity of different bio-control agents (BCA) against L. theobromae. Different bioagents viz., Trichoderma viride NAU isolate, T. harzianum, NAU isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens NAU isolate, Bacillus subtilis NAU isolate and Rhizospheric actinobacteria were tested by dual culture technique. Among them, highest per cent growth inhibition was found in T. viride (71.47%) followed by T. harzianum (67.15%) and rhizospheric actinobacteria (47.84%). P. fluorescens (3.46%) was found least effective against pathogen. The results indicated that among all the BCA, T. viride was most effective against L. theobromae. Hence, it can be explored further for management of mango dieback