Evaluating range-expansion models for calculating nonnative species' expansion rate

Species range shifts associated with environmental change or biological invasions are increasingly important study areas. However, quantifying range expansion rates may be heavily influenced by methodology and/or sampling bias. We compared expansion rate estimates of Roesel's bush-cricket (Metrioptera roeselii, Hagenbach 1822), a nonnative species currently expanding its range in south-central Sweden, from range statistic models based on distance measures (mean, median, 95th gamma quantile, marginal mean, maximum, and conditional maximum) and an area-based method (grid occupancy). We used sampling simulations to determine the sensitivity of the different methods to incomplete sampling across the species' range. For periods when we had comprehensive survey data, range expansion estimates clustered into two groups: (1) those calculated from range margin statistics (gamma, marginal mean, maximum, and conditional maximum: similar to 3 km/year), and (2) those calculated from the central tendency (mean and median) and the area-based method of grid occupancy (similar to 1.5 km/year). Range statistic measures differed greatly in their sensitivity to sampling effort; the proportion of sampling required to achieve an estimate within 10% of the true value ranged from 0.17 to 0.9. Grid occupancy and median were most sensitive to sampling effort, and the maximum and gamma quantile the least. If periods with incomplete sampling were included in the range expansion calculations, this generally lowered the estimates (range 16-72%), with exception of the gamma quantile that was slightly higher (6%). Care should be taken when interpreting rate expansion estimates from data sampled from only a fraction of the full distribution. Methods based on the central tendency will give rates approximately half that of methods based on the range margin. The gamma quantile method appears to be the most robust to incomplete sampling bias and should be considered as the method of choice when sampling the entire distribution is not possible

Correlation between scale-invariant normal-state resistivity and superconductivity in an electron-doped cuprate

Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.An understanding of the normal state in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates is crucial to the ultimate understanding of the long-standing problem of the origin of the superconductivity itself. This so-called “strange metal” state is thought to be associated with a quantum critical point (QCP) hidden beneath the superconductivity. In electron-doped cuprates—in contrast to hole-doped cuprates—it is possible to access the normal state at very low temperatures and low magnetic fields to study this putative QCP and to probe the T ➔ 0 K state of these materials. We report measurements of the low-temperature normal-state magnetoresistance (MR) of the n-type cuprate system La2−xCexCuO4 and find that it is characterized by a linear-in-field behavior, which follows a scaling relation with applied field and temperature, for doping (x) above the putative QCP (x = 0.14). The magnitude of the unconventional linear MR decreases as Tc decreases and goes to zero at the end of the superconducting dome (x ~ 0.175) above which a conventional quadratic MR is found. These results show that there is a strong correlation between the quantum critical excitations of the strange metal state and the high-Tc superconductivity.https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav675

I\u27m not a doctor, but i play one on TV: The effects of context and character perceptions on advertising effectiveness

This study examines how placing endorser ads in the context of entertainment content that also features the endorser affects responses to the endorser and to the ads. An experiment (N = 161) found that viewing an endorser ad in the context of entertainment content featuring that endorser does not affect responses to the ad; however, frequent viewing of such content results in more favorable perceptions of the character portrayed by the endorser, which in turn leads to more favorable responses to endorser and ad alike. Character perceptions thus are an important influence on endorser perceptions and ad effectiveness. Implications of the findings for advertising research are discussed

Wireless prehospital 12-lead electrocardiographic transmission and direct referral to the interventional centre to reduce treatment delay in patients with STEMI. A preliminary report

Wstęp. Wczesne rozpoznanie oraz zastosowanie terapii reperfuzyjnej mają istotne znaczenie w rokowaniu u pacjentów z zawałem serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST (STEMI - ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infraction). Pierwotna angioplastyka wieńcowa (pPCI - Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) jest obecnie najlepszą metodą leczenia. Większość pacjentów z zawałem serca jest przyjmowanych do szpitali rejonowych i musi być transportowana do ośrodków kardiologii interwencyjnej (OKI), co powoduje znaczne wydłużenie czasu do rozpoczęcia leczenia. Kwalifikacja zaburzenia w oparciu o teletransmisję EKG (tele-EKG), a następnie bezpośredni transport chorego do OKI mogą to opóźnienie zmniejszyć. Cel. Celem pracy jest ocena porównawcza czasu rozpoczęcia leczenia interwencyjnego z wykorzystaniem teletransmisji EKG i bezpośredniego transportu pacjentów z zawałem STEMI do OKI oraz w przypadku przyjęcia pacjentów do szpitali rejonowych. Metody. Pacjentów z podejrzeniem zawału serca poddano ocenie lekarskiej w miejscu zdarzenia. Wykonywano także 12 odprowadzeniowy zapis EKG, który natychmiast transmitowano do OKI przez telefon komórkowy. W oparciu o typowe objawy podmiotowe oraz zapis EKG kardiolog interwencyjny decydował o bezpośrednim transporcie chorego do OKI, z pominięciem dyżurnego szpitala rejonowego. Analizowano czas wystąpienia objawów zawału, pierwszego kontaktu z lekarzem, przybycia do szpitala oraz rozpoczęcia zabiegu pPCI. Odpowiednie przedziały czasowe porównywano z grupą kontrolną, którą stanowili chorzy ze STEMI, transportowani do ośrodka kardiologii interwencyjnej ze szpitali rejonowych w celu wykonania pPCI. Grupę kontrolną dobrano pod względem miejsca zamieszkania. Jako czas pierwszego kontaktu w grupie badanej przyjmowano godzinę transmisji EKG, zaś w grupie kontrolnej - zanotowany czas przybycia karetki do pacjenta. Czas od pierwszego kontaktu do przybycia do ośrodka, w przypadku grupy kontrolnej, zawierał czas transportu do szpitala rejonowego, czas oceny w izbie przyjęć i czas transportu do OKI. Wyniki. Transmisję EKG wykonano u 113 pacjentów. W 74 przypadkach (65,5%) stwierdzono cechy STEMI. Pacjenci ci zostali bezpośrednio przetransportowani do ośrodka. Średnia odległość transportowania wyniosła w grupie badanej 25,3±27,4 km. We wszystkich przypadkach w OKI potwierdzono rozpoznanie zawału STEMI oraz wykonano zabieg koronarografii. Pierwotną angioplastykę wykonano u 72 pacjentów (97,3%). Średni czas od początku zawału do pierwszego kontaktu z lekarzem wyniósł 189,3±162 min w grupie badanej i 154,4±131 min w grupie kontrolnej (p = 0,06), zaś od przybycia do szpitala do rozpoczęcia PCI odpowiednio 27,7±18 min i 30,8±14 min (p=0,13). Istotnie statystycznie skrócił się czas od pierwszego kontaktu do przybycia do OKI 43,8±25 min w grupie badanej i 81,7±63 min w grupie kontrolnej (p<0,001), jak również od pierwszego kontaktu do rozpoczęcia leczenia inwazyjnego 71,6±32 i 112,6±64 min (p<0,001). Wnioski. Teletransmisja 12-odprowadzeniowego EKG jest użytecznym narzędziem do wczesnego rozpoznawania zawału serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST (STEMI). W połączeniu z bezpośrednim transportem pacjenta do ośrodka kardiologii inwazyjnej pozwala na istotne zmniejszenie opóźnienia rozpoczęcia terapii reperfuzyjnej w porównaniu ze strategią transportu pacjenta uwzględniającą przyjęcie do szpitala rejonowego.Background. Early diagnosis and reperfusion is crucial for outcome in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Primary PCI is the best therapy, but majority of patients are admitted to hospitals without PCI facilities. Rerouting patients to PCI center may cause unacceptable delays. Wireless prehospital 12-lead electrocardiographic transmission and direct transfer to interventional centre may reduce treatment delay. Aim. The goal of this study was assessment of delays in patients with prehospital ECG transmission and direct transport to PCI centre compared to patients initially admitted to referring hospitals. Methods. STEMI suspected patients were included into the study. Prehospital clinical diagnosis was established by ambulance physician. Prehospital ECG was transmitted by wireless technology to invasive hospital. Based of typical symptoms of STEMI interventional cardiologist in the PCI center decided on direct transfer for primary PCI. Time intervals for symptoms onset, first medical contact, hospital arrival and primary PCI, were evaluated. Corresponding intervals were compared with controls from database of our previous study on transfer STEMI patients for primary PCI via referring hospitals. Controls were matched according to the place of living. As a first medical contact we regarded time of ECG transmission in study group and time of ambulance on-scene arrival in control group. In control group interval "first medical contact-invasive center" includes time the transfer and evaluation in ER (emergency room) of referring hospital and transfer to PCI hospital. Results: ECG transmission was performed in 113 patients. 74 (65.5%) were STEMI patients and directed to the PCI center. Average distance of transfer was 25,3±27,4 km. In all patients diagnosis of STEMI was confirmed and all patients underwent coronarography. Primary PCI was performed in 72 patients (97,3%). The average time delay from symptoms onset to the first medical contact was equal 189,3±63 min in the study group and 154,4±131 min. in control group (p=0,06). Time from hospital arrival to PCI (door-to-needle) was 27,7±18 min in study group and 30,8±14 min. in control group (p=0,13). In the study group time intervals "first medical contact-invasive center" (43,8±25 min vs. 81,7±63, p<0,001) and "first medical contact-PCI" (71,6±32 min vs. 112,6±64 min p<0,001) were significantly shorter . Conclusion. Wireless 12-lead ECG transmission is useful tool in early diagnosis of STEMI. Application of prehospital ECG transmission with direct transfer to PCI hospital result in reduction in the treatment delay compared to strategy with initial admission to referring hospital