Stochastic estimation for seroprevalence of infections laryngotracheitis virus in broilers in Uruguay

The objective of this study was to estimate the true seroprevalence of seropositive individual broilers against infectious laryngotracheitis virus in Uruguay using a Bayesian inference software based on Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. Seventeen farms were kept under investigation between 2008 and 2009. Each study flock was randomly selected at different farms recruited from the capital city Montevideo, Canelones and Lavalleja Departments. The required total sample size was determined by power analysis, and blood samples collected were analysed using a commercial ELISA for the detection of antibody to the pathogen mentioned above. The overall seroprevalence of the virus was estimated at 31.5% [95% Bayesian credible interval (16.8–49.2%); N = 1790]. Because none of the study broilers had been inoculated against the virus prior to sampling, most of these results could be ascribed to natural exposure by field viruses and/or vaccine viruses from neighbouring layers. It should be considered as further risk assessment for clarifying the suitable vaccines to prevent chicken population in Uruguay from the virus.El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la real seroprevalencia de pollos parrilleros seropositivos contra el virus de la laringotraqueítis infecciosa en Uruguay, mediante el uso de un “software” de inferencia Bayesiana que aplica la metodología de Monte Carlo basado en Cadenas de Markov (MCMC). En la investigación se incluyeron diecisiete granjas entre los años 2008 y 2009. Cada galpón fue seleccionado al azar en granjas ubicadas en la ciudad capital, Montevideo, y en los Departamentos de Canelones y Lavalleja. El tamaño de muestra necesario fue determinado en base al poder estadístico del análisis, y las muestras de sangre recolectadas fueron analizadas utilizando un ELISA comercial para la detección de anticuerpos contra el patógeno mencionado anteriormente. La seroprevalencia total del virus fue estimada en 31.5% [95% intervalo de credibilidad Bayesiano (16.8–49.2%); N = 1790]. Debido a que ninguno de los individuos bajo estudio habían sido vacunado contra el virus previamente al muestreo, la mayoría de los resultados podrían ser atribuidos a la exposición natural al virus de campo y/o al virus vacunal de aves en galpones vecinos. Esto debería ser tenido en cuenta como un elemento adicional del análisis de riesgo en la adecuada selección de vacunas para prevenir el contagio del virus a la población de pollos en Uruguay

Early adversity predicts adoptees’ enduring emotional and behavioral problems in childhood

Children adopted from the public care system are likely to experience a cluster of inter-related risk factors that place them on a trajectory of mental health problems that persist across the life course. However, the specific effects of putative risk factors on children’s mental health post-placement are not well understood. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of children placed for adoption between 2014 and 2015 (N = 96). Adoptive parents completed questionnaires at approximately 5-, 21-, 36-, and 48 months post-placement. We used time series analysis to examine the impact of pre-adoptive risk factors (adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], number of moves, days with birth parents and in care) on children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, and prosocial behaviour over four years post-placement. Adoptees’ internalizing and externalizing problems remained consistently high over the four-year study period but more ACEs predicted increases in internalizing and externalizing problems. Contrary to expectations, more pre-placement moves and time in care predicted fewer problems over time, but exploratory analyses of interactive effects revealed this was only the case in rare circumstances. We identify pre- and post-removal factors that may incur benefits or have a deleterious impact on adoptees’ outcomes in post-adoptive family life. Our findings provide knowledge for front-line professionals in the support of adoptive families and underscore the vital need for effective early intervention

Analysis of the modes of energy consumption of the complex of an incoherent scattering of the institute of ionosphere of national academy of sciences and the ministry of education and science of Ukraine

У даній статті представлені результати аналізу режимів енергоспоживання комплексу некогерентного розсіяння Інституту іоносфери НАН і МОН України з метою вирішення проблеми підвищення енергоефективності науково-дослідного комплексу та створення енергоефективної системи електропостачання, яка забезпечить стійку роботу наукового обладнання для виконання дослідницьких програм НАН України. Описана система електроживлення комплексу та режими енергоспоживання комплексу. Описано пристрої радарної системи, а також найбільш потужні споживачі електроенергії, які споживають електроенергію на експериментальні і господарські потреби. Проаналізовано енергоспоживання комплексу некогерентного розсіяння за 2013 р. Отримано і представлено графіки середньої споживаної потужності (середньодобовий показник) і середньої споживаної потужності в режимі вимірювань. Описана доцільність проведення робіт з оптимізації енергопостачання науково-дослідного комплексу Інституту іоносфери. Запропоновано можливі заходи для зниження економічної вартості проведення експериментів з дослідження іоносфери науково-дослідного комплексу некогерентного розсіяння. Проведено аналіз робіт сучасних авторів з метою показати, що підвищення ефективності функціонування систем електропостачання є актуальною проблемою сучасних досліджень.This article presents the results of the analysis of the energy consumption modes of the incoherent scattering complex of the Institute of Ionosphere of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine to solve the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of a research complex and creating an energy efficient power supply system that will ensure the sustainability of scientific equipment for research programs of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The system of power supply of the complex and modes of power consumption of the complex are described. The devices of the radar system are described, as well as the most powerful consumers of electricity, which consume electricity for experimental and economic needs. The energy consumption of the incoherent scattering complex in 2013 is analyzed. Graphs of the average power consumption (daily average) and average power consumption in measurement modes were obtained and presented. The feasibility of work to optimize the energy supply of the research complex of the institute of the ionosphere is described. Possible measures are proposed to reduce the economic cost of conducting experiments on the study of the ionosphere of an incoherent scattering research complex. The analysis of the works of modern authors i s carried out in order to show that increasing the efficiency of the power supply systems is an actual problem of modern research

Vorinostat Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are promising anti-cancer agents, however, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, HDACi have been reported to arrest growth and induce apoptosis. In this study, we elucidate details of the DNA damage induced by the HDACi vorinostat in AML cells. At clinically relevant concentrations, vorinostat induces double-strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in AML cell lines. Additionally, AML patient blasts treated with vorinostat display increased DNA damage, followed by an increase in caspase-3/7 activity and a reduction in cell viability. Vorinostat-induced DNA damage is followed by a G2-M arrest and eventually apoptosis. We found that pre-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reduces vorinostat-induced DNA double strand breaks, G2-M arrest and apoptosis. These data implicate DNA damage as an important mechanism in vorinostat-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in both AML cell lines and patient-derived blasts. This supports the continued study and development of vorinostat in AMLs that may be sensitive to DNA-damaging agents and as a combination therapy with ionizing radiation and/or other DNA damaging agents

Long Term Running Biphasically Improves Methylglyoxal-Related Metabolism, Redox Homeostasis and Neurotrophic Support within Adult Mouse Brain Cortex

Oxidative stress and neurotrophic support decline seem to be crucially involved in brain aging. Emerging evidences indicate the pro-oxidant methylglyoxal (MG) as a key player in the age-related dicarbonyl stress and molecular damage within the central nervous system. Although exercise promotes the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, habitual exercise may retard cellular aging and reduce the age-dependent cognitive decline through hormetic adaptations, yet molecular mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of exercise are still largely unclear. In particular, whereas adaptive responses induced by exercise initiated in youth have been broadly investigated, the effects of chronic and moderate exercise begun in adult age on biochemical hallmarks of very early senescence in mammal brains have not been extensively studied. This research investigated whether a long-term, forced and moderate running initiated in adult age may affect the interplay between the redox-related profile and the oxidative-/MG-dependent molecular damage patterns in CD1 female mice cortices; as well, we investigated possible exercise-induced effects on the activity of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent pathway. Our findings suggested that after a transient imbalance in almost all parameters investigated, the lately-initiated exercise regimen strongly reduced molecular damage profiles in brains of adult mice, by enhancing activities of the main ROS- and MG-targeting scavenging systems, as well as by preserving the BDNF-dependent signaling through the transition from adult to middle age

Cardiac and pancreatic lesions in guinea pigs infected with encephalomyocarditis. EMC, virus

Cardiac and pancreatic lesions were observed in guinea pigs infected with 2 variants (B and D) of encephalornyocarditis (EMC) virus. Cardiac changes were characterized by focal myocardial necrosis and subsequent replacement by immature granulation tissue. and the pancrcatic ones by vacuolar degeneration of acinar cells. In the electron microscopic esaminatioiis. tlie affected cardiornyocytes showed intracellular oedema. swelling andlor partial destruction of mitochondria, and distortion and disruption of myofihrils. Intracellular vacuolization and dilatation of roughsurfaced endoplasniic reticulurn (rER) were conspicuous in the damaged pancreatic acinar cells. In addition, intracisternal granules were found in dilated rER with a high frequency. These changes were common to animals infected with the B and D variants. On the contrary, B cell alterations: i.e. degranulation and degeneration of insulin granules, were detected only in animals infected with the D variant

Unusual online sexual interests in heterosexual Swedish and Italian university students

Previous studies explain that the Internet makes it possible to explore various unusual desires with little embarrassment and often with the illusion of personal security. Despite the flourishing publications on the double link between sexuality and the Internet in the last decade, there are relatively few studies analyzing the contents of online erotic stimuli to specifically investigate unusual sexual interests. Objective of the study: To examine cultural and gender differences in online sexual behaviors and unusual sexual interests in online pornography reported by young adults recruited in Italy and Sweden, aiming to offer clinical considerations that could be useful when facing this issue in clinical practice. Method: A survey was conducted with 847 Italian and Swedish heterosexual university students. They completed a set of measures including Internet Sex Screening Test, Sexual Addiction Screening Test - Abbreviated and Unusual Online Sexual Interests Questionnaire. Results: Men scored higher than women did on viewing and feeling excited by unusual sexual interests. Although the conditional effect of gender was statistically significant (. P<. 0.05) in both national contexts for the same scenes, the differences between males and females were greater in Italy than in Sweden. Swedish women appeared more curious about sexual contents than Italian ones, with no differences regarding excitement level. Discussion and conclusion: Our results could help clinicians by offering information about the diffusion of some unusual online sexual interests and the "normality" of the Internet use for sexual purposes. It is very important that the clinicians have a specific knowledge on online sexual matters; otherwise, they could be vulnerable to stereotyping and making judgments. The contents of the seen pornographic scenes and the felt excitement could be important topics to focus in the psychosexual counselling. They could be considered, in fact, as possible indicators of sexual compulsivity and/or cybersexual problematic behaviorPrevious studies explain that the Internet makes it possible to explore various unusual desires with little embarrassment and often with the illusion of personal security. Despite the flourishing publications on the double link between sexuality and the Internet in the last decade, there are relatively few studies analyzing the contents of online erotic stimuli to specifically investigate unusual sexual interests. Objective of the study: To examine cultural and gender differences in online sexual behaviors and unusual sexual interests in online pornography reported by young adults recruited in Italy and Sweden, aiming to offer clinical considerations that could be useful when facing this issue in clinical practice. Method: A survey was conducted with 847Italian and Swedish heterosexual university students. They completed a set of measures including Internet Sex Screening Test, Sexual Addiction Screening Test - Abbreviated and Unusual Online Sexual Interests Questionnaire. Results: Men scored higher than women did on viewing and feeling excited by unusual sexual interests. Although the conditional effect of gender was statistically significant (P <. 0.05) in both national contexts for the same scenes, the differences between males and females were greater in Italy than in Sweden. Swedish women appeared more curious about sexual contents than Italian ones, with no differences regarding excitement level. Discussion and conclusion: Our results could help clinicians by offering information about the diffusion of some unusual online sexual interests and the "normality" of the Internet use for sexual purposes. It is very important that the clinicians have a specific knowledge on online sexual matters; otherwise, they could be vulnerable to stereotyping and making judgments. The contents of the seen pornographic scenes and the felt excitement could be important topics to focus in the psychosexual counselling. They could be considered, in fact, as possible indicators of sexual compulsivity and/or cybersexual problematic behavior. © 2015