7 research outputs found
Nutritional value of high fiber co-products from the copra, palm kernel, and rice industries in diets fed to pigs
Cocoa Bean Cake in Poultry Diets I. Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Cocoa Bean Cake in Pullet Chick Diets
Social network to inform and prevent the spread of cocoa swollen shoot virus disease in Ghana
The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease is a major factor limiting cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) productivity for West African farmers. The only treatment against this disease is to cut infected trees and replant with disease-free planting material. Research has recommended the prevention measures: (i) cordon sanitaire (leaving 10-m-wide cocoa-free zone around cocoa), (ii) barrier cropping, (iii) using partly tolerant hybrids, and (iv) removing specific alternative host tree species. Here, we evaluate the current adoption of these measures and identify their adoption constraints. We conducted a quantitative survey with 396 farmers in the Eastern and Western Regions of Ghana, held six focus group discussions and hosted a multi-stakeholder validation workshop with 31 key actors in the cocoa value chain. Our results indicate that the adoption of prevention measure against the disease remains limited. Farmers with a more extensive social network (number of family members/close friends who already adopted a particular measure), a larger farm size, more secure land tenure rights, and more knowledge about the measures were more likely to adopt them, especially barrier cropping, hybrid seedlings, and removing alternative host trees. Lack of knowledge about the measures was the single biggest barrier for their adoption, with 51% of the participating farmers not even being aware of any prevention measures. Here, we show for the first time that the social network is the main information source for farmers, which agrees with the finding that the flow of information between farmers and other stakeholders is a critical factor affecting knowledge spread and consequently adoption. Our results provide crucial insights for the elaboration of an implementation action plan to boost the dissemination of feasible prevention measures against the cocoa swollen shoot virus disease in Ghana in order to efficiently cover farmersβ needs for information (technical advice) and inputs (access to hybrid seedlings).ISSN:1774-0746ISSN:1773-015
ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°
The approaches to obtain the prior goal of staving off the financial crisis and economic depression are considered in the context of
a modern global economic crisis. Learning the contradictions and consequences of the present crisis means analyzing the contradictions of a modern society. Five constructively interconnected distinctions reflecting the specificity of its
sociological aspect are suggested. = Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°