Estimation of Severity of Speech Disability through Speech Envelope

In this paper, envelope detection of speech is discussed to distinguish the pathological cases of speech disabled children. The speech signal samples of children of age between five to eight years are considered for the present study. These speech signals are digitized and are used to determine the speech envelope. The envelope is subjected to ratio mean analysis to estimate the disability. This analysis is conducted on ten speech signal samples which are related to both place of articulation and manner of articulation. Overall speech disability of a pathological subject is estimated based on the results of above analysis.Comment: 8 pages,4 Figures,Signal & Image Processing Journal AIRC

The state and civil society in disaster response: An analysis of the Tamil Nadu tsunami experience

ReportCAREEuropean Union's Humanitarian Aid Department

Pre- and post-processing for Cosmic/NASTRAN on personal computers and mainframes

An interface between Cosmic/NASTRAN and GIFTS has recently been released, combining the powerful pre- and post-processing capabilities of GIFTS with Cosmic/NASTRAN's analysis capabilities. The interface operates on a wide range of computers, even linking Cosmic/NASTRAN and GIFTS when the two are on different computers. GIFTS offers a wide range of elements for use in model construction, each translated by the interface into the nearest Cosmic/NASTRAN equivalent; and the options of automatic or interactive modelling and loading in GIFTS make pre-processing easy and effective. The interface itself includes the programs GFTCOS, which creates the Cosmic/NASTRAN input deck (and, if desired, control deck) from the GIFTS Unified Data Base, COSGFT, which translates the displacements from the Cosmic/NASTRAN analysis back into GIFTS; and HOSTR, which handles stress computations for a few higher-order elements available in the interface, but not supported by the GIFTS processor STRESS. Finally, the versatile display options in GIFTS post-processing allow the user to examine the analysis results through an especially wide range of capabilities, including such possibilities as creating composite loading cases, plotting in color and animating the analysis

Investigation on Geosynthetic Reinforced Two Layered Soil System

Use of geosynthetics for flexible pavements founded on expansive soil subgrade is one of feasible and economic solution to minimize the undulation and required pavement thickness. In this present investigation the effect of inclusion of the geosynthetic reinforcement on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of a two layered soil system with black cotton soil at bottom and granular soil at top as a buffer layer, with different thickness configuration and geotextiles of different physical and mechanical properties was studied by laboratory and field California bearing ratio tests. Thickness of flexible pavement over the two layer soil system of different thickness configurations was estimated for unreinforced and reinforced two layered soil system by the method suggested by United States Army Corps of Engineers and Indian Road Congress. The reduction (%) in the thickness of pavement due to inclusion of geotextiles has been observed in the investigation. The reduction in thickness of pavement can be achieved up to 53.53% depending upon the thickness configuration and the type of the geotextile used. The results have shown that the field CBR tests can yield the results in conformity with the values obtained in the laboratory test

Correlación entre recuento de micronúcleos y hábito tabáquico: Un estudio hospitalario.

Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible cyto-plasmic chromatin mass in the extranuclear vicinity, originating from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle poles during mitosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare cytogenetic changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers based on the occurrence of micronuclei. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the micronuclei count and the frequency and duration of smoking habit. Materials and Methods: Two groups (smokers and non-smokers) of 34 individuals each were examined. Cytological buccal smears were taken from participants using a moistened wooden spatula and stained with standard Papanicolaou stain. Presence of micronuclei was assessed at 40X magnification using a light microscope and a count per 500 cells was determined. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Student t-test. Result: Smears from smokers showed a significant increase in the total number of micronuclei per 500 cell count compared to non-smokers. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. A age-related increase in older age groups was also observed. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. This observation is vital in the utilization of the micronuclei detection in smears as a prognostic, educational and interventional tool in the management of patients with smoking habits.Antecedentes: El micronúcleo es una masa de cromatina citoplasmática microscópicamente visible en el área extranuclear, que se origina a partir de la mitosis aberrante, y que consiste en cromosomas excéntricos que no han podido alcanzar los polos del huso durante la mitosis. El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar y comparar los cambios citogenéticos en la mucosa bucal de fumadores y no fumadores en función de la aparición de micronúcleos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación entre el recuento de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del hábito de fumar. Materiales and Métodos: Se examinaron dos grupos (fumadores y no fumadores) de 34 individuos cada uno. Se tomaron frotis bucales citológicos de todos los participantes con una espátula de madera humedecida y se tiñeron con la tinción estándar de Papanicolaou. La presencia de micronúcleos se evaluó al microscopio óptico con un aumento de 40X y se determinó un recuento por 500 células. Los resultados del estudio se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, el coeficiente de correlación de rango de Spearman y la prueba t de Student. Resultados: Los frotis de fumadores mostraron un aumento significativo en el número total de micronúcleos por 500 células en comparación con los no fumadores. Hubo una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. También se observó un aumento relacionado con la edad en los grupos de mayor edad. Conclusión: el estudio revela una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. Esta observación es vital en la utilización de la detección de micronúcleos en frotis como una herramienta pronostica, educativa e intervencionista en el manejo de pacientes con hábitos de fumar

Image Encryption Using Elliptic Curve Cryptograhy and Matrix

AbstractThe enlarged size of the internet and vast communication across it and also medical needs digital images require of security plays vital role. So different techniques are used to protect confidential image data from unauthorized access. In this paper, we propose a New encryption technique Using elliptic curve cryptography with a magic matrix operations for securing images that transmits over a public unsecured channel. There are two most important groups of image encryption algorithms: some are non chaos-based selective methods and chaos- based selective methods. The majority of these algorithms is planned for a specific image format, compressed or uncompressed

Stochastic Precipitation Generation for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed using Hidden Markov Models with Variational Bayes Parameter Estimation

Stochastic precipitation generators (SPGs) are a class of statistical models which generate synthetic data that can simulate dry and wet rainfall stretches for long durations. Generated precipitation time series data are used in climate projections, impact assessment of extreme weather events, and water resource and agricultural management. We construct an SPG for daily precipitation data that is specified as a semi-continuous distribution at every location, with a point mass at zero for no precipitation and a mixture of two exponential distributions for positive precipitation. Our generators are obtained as hidden Markov models (HMMs) where the underlying climate conditions form the states. We fit a 3-state HMM to daily precipitation data for the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the Eastern coast of the USA for the wet season months of July to September from 2000--2019. Data is obtained from the GPM-IMERG remote sensing dataset, and existing work on variational HMMs is extended to incorporate semi-continuous emission distributions. In light of the high spatial dimension of the data, a stochastic optimization implementation allows for computational speedup. The most likely sequence of underlying states is estimated using the Viterbi algorithm, and we are able to identify differences in the weather regimes associated with the states of the proposed model. Synthetic data generated from the HMM can reproduce monthly precipitation statistics as well as spatial dependency present in the historical GPM-IMERG data

Ionophore-mediated transmembrane movement of divalent cations in small unilamellar liposomes: an evaluation of the chlortetracycline fluorescence technique and correlations with black lipid membrane studies

Conceptual advances in the field of membrane transport have, in the main, utilized artificial membranes, both planar and vesicular. Systems of biological interest, viz., cells and organelles, resemble vesicles in size and geometry. Methods are, therefore, required to extend the results obtained with planar membranes to liposome systems. In this report we present an analysis of a fluorescence technique, using the divalent cation probe chlortetracycline, in small, unilamellar vesicles, for the study of divalent cation fluxes. An ion carrier (X537 A) and a pore former (alamethicin) have been studied. The rate of rise of fluorescence signal and the transmembrane ion gradient have been related to transmembrane current and potential, respectively. A second power dependence of ion conduction-including the electrically silent portion thereof - on X537 A concentration, has been observed. An exponential dependence of "current" on "transmembrane potential" in the case of alamethicin is also confirmed. Possible errors in the technique are discussed