Navigating noisy waters: A review of field studies examining anthropogenic noise effects on wild fish

Anthropogenic noise is globally increasing in aquatic ecosystems, and there is concern that it may have adverse consequences in many fish species, yet the effects of noise in field settings are not well understood. Concern over the applicability of laboratory-conducted bioacoustic experiments has led to a call for, and a recent increase in, fieldbased studies, but the results have been mixed, perhaps due to the wide variety of techniques used and species studied. Previous reviews have explored the behavioral, physiological, and/or anatomical costs of fish exposed to anthropogenic noise, but few, if any, have focused on the field techniques and sound sources themselves. This review, therefore, aims to summarize, quantify, and interpret field-based literature, highlight novel approaches, and provide recommendations for future research into the effects of noise on fish. VC 2023 Acoustical Society of America

Methods and apparatus for switching a transponder to an active state, and asset management systems employing same

A transponder that may be used as an RFID tag includes a passive circuit to eliminate the need for an "always on" active RF receiving element to anticipate a wake-up signal for the balance of the transponder electronics. This solution allows the entire active transponder to have all circuit elements in a sleep (standby) state, thus drastically extending battery life or other charge storage device life. Also, a wake-up solution that reduces total energy consumption of an active transponder system by allowing all non-addressed transponders to remain in a sleep (standby) state, thereby reducing total system or collection energy. Also, the transponder and wake-up solution are employed in an asset tracking system

Some recent rural radio talks

Cream stirring is important. - D.C. Mickle Crossbreeding in pig production. - P. Beck Salmonella infection in sheep. - I.J. Miller Useful sprays for the home garden. A.A. Holland Tapeworm of dogs and cats. P.B. Lewis The poison plant and the animal. - R.D. Royce Sire surveys to prove bulls. K. Needham Peat as a substitute for horse manure. - L.T. Jone

A PDZ-Binding Motif is Essential but Not Sufficient to Localize the C Terminus of CFTR to the Apical Membrane

Localization of ion channels and transporters to the correct membrane of polarized epithelia is important for vectorial ion movement. Prior studies have shown that the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in the apical localization of this protein. Here we show that the C-terminal tail alone, or when fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP), can localize to the apical plasma membrane, despite the absence of transmembrane domains. Co-expression of the C terminus with full-length CFTR results in redistribution of CFTR from apical to basolateral membranes, indicating that both proteins interact with the same target at the apical membrane. Amino acid substitution and deletion analysis confirms the importance of a PDZ-binding motif D-T-R-L\u3e for apical localization. However, two other C-terminal regions, encompassing amino acids 1370-1394 and 1404-1425 of human CFTR, are also required for localizing to the apical plasma membrane. Based on these results, we propose a model of polarized distribution of CFTR, which includes a mechanism of selective retention of this protein in the apical plasma membrane and stresses the requirement for other C-terminal sequences in addition to a PDZ-binding motif

Evaluation of the 3-Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method for identification of postoperative delirium in older patients

Importance: Delirium is a common postoperative complication in older patients that often goes undetected and might lead to worse outcomes. The 3-Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) might be a practical tool for routine clinical diagnosis of delirium. Objective: To assess the 3D-CAM for detecting postoperative delirium compared with the long-form CAM used for research purposes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study of older patients enrolled in ongoing clinical trials between 2015 and 2018 was conducted at a single tertiary US hospital. Included participants were aged 60 years or older undergoing major elective surgical procedures that required at least a 2-day hospital stay. Data were analyzed between February and April 2019. Exposures: Surgical procedures of at least 2 hours in length requiring general anesthesia with planned extubation. Main Outcomes and Measures: Patients were concurrently assessed for delirium using the 3D-CAM assessment and the long-form CAM, scored based on a standardized cognitive assessment. Agreement between these 2 methods was tested using Cohen κ with repeated measures, a generalized linear mixed-effects model, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Sixteen raters conducted 471 concurrent CAM and 3D-CAM interviews including 299 patients (mean [SD] age, 69 [6.5] years), the majority of whom were men (152 [50.8%]), were White (263 [88.0%]), and had noncardiac operations (211 [70.6%]). Both instruments had good intraclass correlation (0.84 for the CAM and 0.98 for the 3D-CAM). Cohen κ demonstrated good overall agreement between the CAM and 3D-CAM (κ = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.83). According to the mixed-effects model, there was statistically significant disagreement between the 3D-CAM and CAM (estimated difference in fixed effect, -0.68; 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.05; P = .04). Bland-Altman analysis showed the probability of a delirium diagnosis with the 3D-CAM was more than twice the probability of a delirium diagnosis with the CAM (probability ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.44 to 3.23). Conclusions and Relevance: The 3D-CAM instrument demonstrated agreement with the long-form CAM and might provide a pragmatic and sensitive clinical tool for detecting postoperative delirium, with the caveat that the 3D-CAM might overdiagnose delirium

Some recent rural radio talks

Current experiments with vegetable crops - By T. WACHTEL, Agricultural Adviser, Horticultural Division Pedigree seed planting - By H. G. CARISS, B.Sc. (Agric), Regional Agricultural Adviser The Ruakura round farrowing house - By P. BECK, Field Assistant, Dairying Division How the random sample laying test could affect the poultry industry - By R. H. MORRIS, Officer-in-Charge, Poultry Branch Feeding the milking goat - By K. NEEDHAM, Dairy Cattle Husbandry Officer Fertilisers for vegetables in summer months - By J. P. FALLON, Senior Adviser (Vegetables), Horticultural Division Pastures and their carrying capacity - By H. G. ELLIOTT, Assistant Superintendent of Dairying Pollination - By J. CRIPPS, Adviser, Horticultural Division Aeroplanes and insect pest control - By P. N. FORTE, Senior Entomologist Kill those flies - By H. MASLIN, Dairy Instructor, Busselton Grazing for pigs - By P. BECK, Field Assistant, Dairying Division Feed flavours in cream - By an officer of the Dairying Division. Those old milk and cream cans - By D. C. MICKLE, Dairy Instructor, Bunbury Overrun in butter making and quality in home-made butter - By A. H. HOBBS, Dairy Produce Inspector Milk flow indicators - By G. W. SCOTT, Dairy Instructor, Head Offic

Recent radio talks

Recent Rural Radio Talks Dairy Hygiene is Important; - D.C. Mickle Farm Water Supplies; - K. Needham Handling the Apple Crop; - K. Whitely Renovation of Irrigated Pastures; - Dairying division More About Lupinosis; - H. W. Bennetts Progress in Doublegee Control; - Norman Halse Changing Practices in Tobacco Growing in W.A.; - G. A. Pearce Progress in doublegee control; - G.A. Pearce Some Uses of Radio Isotopes in Agriculture; - E. N. Fitzpatrick Guildford Grass—Sign of a Run-Down Pasture; - R. A. Bettenay Silage and when to feed it; - R. Bettenay Ants in the Apiary; - R. S. Coleman Bacterial Canker of Stone Fruits; - Olga M. Goss Poison Plants in the Home Garden; - R. D. Royce The Cabbage White Butterfly; - C. F. H. Jenkins Summer Treatments for San Jose Scale; - C. F. H. Jenkins Preparations for Fodder Conservation; - H.G. Cariss Sudan Grass Survived Dry Summer; - R.A. Bettenay Root Maggot Flies; - J. A. Button Fallowing for Cropping; - A.S. Wild Feeding for Milk Quality; - L. C. Snook The Rabbit— Friend or Foe. A. R. Tomlinso

Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey

Abstract Background Foot pain is common amongst the general population and impacts negatively on physical function and quality of life. Associations between personal health characteristics, lifestyle/behaviour factors and foot pain have been studied; however, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention. Objectives of this study are i) to describe foot pain and foot health characteristics in an educated population of adults; ii) to explore associations between moderate-to-severe foot pain and a variety of factors including gender, age, medical conditions/co-morbidity/multi-morbidity, key indicators of general health, foot pathologies, and social determinants of health; and iii) to evaluate associations between moderate-to-severe foot pain and foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. Methods Between February and March 2018, Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni with a working email address were invited to participate in the cross-sectional electronic survey (anonymously) by email via the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Office. The survey was constructed using the REDCap secure web online survey application and sought information on presence/absence of moderate-to-severe foot pain, patient characteristics (age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, occupation class, comorbidities, and foot pathologies). Prevalence data were expressed as absolute frequencies and percentages. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were undertaken to identify associations 1) between independent variables and moderate-to-severe foot pain, and 2) between moderate-to-severe foot pain and foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life. Results Of 50,228 invitations distributed, there were 7707 unique views and 593 valid completions (median age [inter-quartile range] 42 [31–52], 67.3% female) of the survey (7.7% response rate). The sample was comprised predominantly of white Scottish/British (89.4%) working age adults (95%), the majority of whom were overweight or obese (57.9%), and in either full-time or part-time employment (82.5%) as professionals (72.5%). Over two-thirds (68.5%) of the sample were classified in the highest 6 deciles (most affluent) of social deprivation. Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). High body mass index, presence of bunions, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, hip pain and lower occupation class were included in the final multivariate model and all were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain (p < 0.05), except for rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.057). Moderate-to-severe foot pain was significantly and independently associated lower foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life scores following adjustment for age, gender and body mass index (p < 0.05). Conclusions Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. Presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. Education attainment does not appear to be protective against moderate-to-severe foot pain