Magnetic-field cycling induced anomalous irreversibility in resistivity of charge-ordered manganites

The rare-earth ions (RE = Eu, Dy Ho, Tm, Y) substituted charge-ordered antiferromagnetic manganites, Pr0.45RE0.05Ca0.5MnO3, were studied for the magnetic and the transport properties in the presence of external magnetic-fields of up to 14 Tesla. Regardless of the intrinsic magnetic property of RE ions, all the compounds exhibit successive step-like metamagnetic transitions at low temperatures, which are strongly correlated to their electronic transitions. At any fixed temperature in two different temperature-regimes, we observed contrary effects of the magnetic-field cycling on the resistivity of these manganites, namely, i) in the low temperature regime (<70 K), the resistivity was irreversible showing lower values than initial after a magnetic-field cycle was over, which is consistent with the irreversible magnetization, and ii) in a temperature regime above 70 K, the resistivity is irreversible with noticeably higher values than initial, whereas the magnetization was found to be reversible. For the latter case, we further show that this irreversibility of resistivity systematically depends on the temperature and the magnitude of applied magnetic-field. These results suggest that the observed resistivity behavior originated from the magnetic-field induced metamagnetic transitions and training effect.Comment: 11 pages including 1 table and 7 figures. To appear in Europhysics Letter

The Fries reaction. Part I. The rearrangement of the esters of hydroxy coumarins

The Fries Reaction of some 7-acetoxy,-6-acetoxy,-7: 8-diacetoxy and 6: 7-diacetoxy coumarins has been studied, and explanation has been given for the failure as well as the success of the reaction

Heterocyclic compounds. Part XVII. Coumarins from β-ketonic esters and 5 methyl-2-ethyl, 5-methyl-2-propyl- 5-methyl-2: 4-diethyl-4-Ethyl-2-benzoyl-resorcinols, and phlorobenzophenone

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Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort

\ua9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Individuals with rare kidney diseases account for 5–10% of people with chronic kidney disease, but constitute more than 25% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) gathers longitudinal data from patients with these conditions, which we used to study disease progression and outcomes of death and kidney failure. Methods: People aged 0–96 years living with 28 types of rare kidney diseases were recruited from 108 UK renal care facilities. The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of mortality and kidney failure in individuals with rare kidney diseases, which were calculated and compared with that of unselected patients with chronic kidney disease. Cumulative incidence and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were calculated for the following outcomes: median age at kidney failure; median age at death; time from start of dialysis to death; and time from diagnosis to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds, allowing calculation of time from last eGFR of 75 mL/min per 1\ub773 m2 or more to first eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1\ub773 m2 (the therapeutic trial window). Findings: Between Jan 18, 2010, and July 25, 2022, 27 285 participants were recruited to RaDaR. Median follow-up time from diagnosis was 9\ub76 years (IQR 5\ub79–16\ub77). RaDaR participants had significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of kidney failure than 2\ub781 million UK patients with all-cause chronic kidney disease (28% vs 1%; p&lt;0\ub70001), but better survival rates (standardised mortality ratio 0\ub742 [95% CI 0\ub732–0\ub752]; p&lt;0\ub70001). Median age at kidney failure, median age at death, time from start of dialysis to death, time from diagnosis to eGFR thresholds, and therapeutic trial window all varied substantially between rare diseases. Interpretation: Patients with rare kidney diseases differ from the general population of individuals with chronic kidney disease: they have higher 5-year rates of kidney failure but higher survival than other patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5, and so are over-represented in the cohort of patients requiring kidney replacement therapy. Addressing unmet therapeutic need for patients with rare kidney diseases could have a large beneficial effect on long-term kidney replacement therapy demand. Funding: RaDaR is funded by the Medical Research Council, Kidney Research UK, Kidney Care UK, and the Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity

Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort

Background Individuals with rare kidney diseases account for 5–10% of people with chronic kidney disease, but constitute more than 25% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) gathers longitudinal data from patients with these conditions, which we used to study disease progression and outcomes of death and kidney failure. Methods People aged 0–96 years living with 28 types of rare kidney diseases were recruited from 108 UK renal care facilities. The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of mortality and kidney failure in individuals with rare kidney diseases, which were calculated and compared with that of unselected patients with chronic kidney disease. Cumulative incidence and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were calculated for the following outcomes: median age at kidney failure; median age at death; time from start of dialysis to death; and time from diagnosis to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds, allowing calculation of time from last eGFR of 75 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or more to first eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (the therapeutic trial window). Findings Between Jan 18, 2010, and July 25, 2022, 27 285 participants were recruited to RaDaR. Median follow-up time from diagnosis was 9·6 years (IQR 5·9–16·7). RaDaR participants had significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of kidney failure than 2·81 million UK patients with all-cause chronic kidney disease (28% vs 1%; p<0·0001), but better survival rates (standardised mortality ratio 0·42 [95% CI 0·32–0·52]; p<0·0001). Median age at kidney failure, median age at death, time from start of dialysis to death, time from diagnosis to eGFR thresholds, and therapeutic trial window all varied substantially between rare diseases. Interpretation Patients with rare kidney diseases differ from the general population of individuals with chronic kidney disease: they have higher 5-year rates of kidney failure but higher survival than other patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5, and so are over-represented in the cohort of patients requiring kidney replacement therapy. Addressing unmet therapeutic need for patients with rare kidney diseases could have a large beneficial effect on long-term kidney replacement therapy demand. Funding RaDaR is funded by the Medical Research Council, Kidney Research UK, Kidney Care UK, and the Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity

Heterocyclic compounds. Part XX. The kostanecki acylation of quinacetophenone, quinbenzophenone and γ-orcacetophenone, and synthesis of 6-hydroxy and 5-hydroxy chromones and coumarins

The propionylation as well as butyrylation of quinacetophenone gave a mixture of chromones and coumarins, while its acetylation gave only the chromone. Similarly the acetylation of quinbenzophenone gave the coumarin. Thus coumarins which cannot be obtained by the Pechmann method can be readily prepared by this method. Similarly propionylation and butyrylation of γ-orcacetophenone gave the mixture of chromones and coumarins, while the benzoylation gave the flavone

Ion-irradiation–induced relaxation of tensile strain and change in directionality of magnetic domains in BaFeO

Perovskite $\mathrm{BaFeO}_{3-\delta}$ (BFO) thin films $({\sim}250\ \text{nm})$ , deposited on MgO (001) single-crystal wafers, were irradiated by ion beams of: i) 200 MeV $\mathrm{Ag}^{+15}$ (Series-1) and ii) 100 MeV $\mathrm{O}^{+7}$ (Series-2). These films are investigated for structural, morphological, and magnetic properties. There is a systematic variation in the morphology of the BFO films with increasing $\mathrm{Ag}^{+15}$ beam fluence, resulting in relaxation of tensile strain. The Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) images show stripe-like magnetic domains of the remanent magnetization, which were studied by Fast Fourier Transformation. With increasing ion fluence, the formation of stripe domains gradually changes the direction from one crystallographic plane to two planes. MFM patterns of Series-2 show gradually diffusing directionality of magnetic domains with increasing ion fluence. The simultaneous and systematic changes in strain and magnetic properties due to ion irradiation indicate the correlated properties of BFO thin films