ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF TABERNAEMONTANA HEYNEANA WALL. AN ENDEMIC PLANT OF WESTERN GHATS

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different crude extracts of leaves of T. heyneanaMethods: Crude extracts of methanol, chloroform, dichloromethane and dichloroethane of leaf were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method and antioxidant activity by DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and reducing power assay. Quantitative analysis of total phenolics was done by Folin-Ciocalteau method and total flavonoids by aluminium chloride method.Results: Methanolic extract of T. heyneana exhibited the presence of all the phytochemicals tested except triterpenoids and saponins. The highest phenolic content of 14.0±0.45 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 81.62±0.47 mg QE/g were found in methanol extract. The highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 20.3±0.56 µg/ml) and reducing power was exhibited by methanolic extract. The methanolic extract showed maximum antibacterial activity of 12.66±0.57 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and least of 9.23±0.25 mm against Proteus vulgaris.Conclusion: These findings provide scientific evidence to support the traditional use of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. and also indicate that the leaves of this species are a promising potential for the development of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents

Automated Brain Tumor Detection from MRI Scans using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The brain, as the central nervous system's most critical part, can develop abnormal growths of cells known as tumors. Cancer is the term used to describe malignant tumors. Medical imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are commonly used to detect cancerous regions in the brain. Other techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), cerebral arteriography, lumbar puncture, and molecular testing, are also utilized for brain tumor detection. MRI scans provide detailed information concerning delicate tissue, which aids in diagnosing brain tumors. MRI scan images are analyzed to assess the disease condition objectively. The proposed system aims to identify abnormal brain images from MRI scans accurately. The segmented mask can estimate the tumor's density, which is helpful in therapy. Deep learning techniques are employed to automatically extract features and detect abnormalities from MRI images. The proposed system utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN), a popular deep learning technique, to analyze MRI images and identify abnormal brain scans with high accuracy. The system's training process involves feeding the CNN with large datasets of normal and abnormal MRI images to learn how to differentiate between the two. During testing, the system classifies MRI images as either normal or abnormal based on the learned features. The system's ability to accurately identify abnormal brain scans can aid medical practitioners in making informed decisions and providing better patient care. Additionally, the system's ability to estimate tumor density from the segmented mask provides additional information to guide therapy. The proposed system offers a promising solution for improving the accuracy and efficiency of brain tumor detection from MRI images, which is critical for early detection and treatment

Effect of Tidal Currents at Amphidromes on the Characteristics of N-Wave Type Tsunami

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Black Hole Attack detection in Zone based Wireless Sensor Networks

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) became an emerging promising technology deployed in an area for specific purpose and in the wide range of application area such as military application, control and tracking application, habitat monitoring, industry, medicine, health care, agriculture etc. Wireless sensor networks are prone to various attacks. One such type of attack is a black hole attack. A black hole attack is a type of denial of service attack where the node drops the packets fully or selectively, routed through this node which discards the sensitive data packets. This paper deals with the detection of black hole attack inzone basedwireless sensor network using the mobile agents

Comparison of Atomic Level Simulation Studies of MOSFETs Containing Silica and Lantana Nanooxide Layers

The intense downscaling of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) to nano range for improving the device performance requires a high-k dielectric material instead of conventional silica (SiO2) as to avoid Quantum Mechanical Tunneling towards the gate terminal which leads to unnecessary gate current. Out of all the rare earth oxide materials, since lanthana (La2O3) has significantly high dielectric constant (k) and bandgap, we’ve chosen it as oxide layer for one of the MOSFETs. In this work, we simulated two MOSFETs – one with nano SiO2 oxide layer and other with nano La2O3 oxide layer in the atomic level to analyze and compare the transmission spectra, I-V characteristics and Channel conductance of both the MOSFETs. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3555

Antibacterial Activity of Three Parmotrema Species from Western Ghats of Karnataka against Clinical Isolates of Burn and Dental Caries

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of methanol extract of three species of macrolichen Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae) viz., P.tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale, P. grayanum (Hue.) Hale and P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale from Western Ghats of Karnataka against clinical isolates of burn and dental caries. Identification of lichens was done by morphological, anatomical and color tests. The powdered lichen materials were extracted using methanol in soxhlet apparatus. Inhibitory potential of lichen extracts was evaluated against two isolates of Staphyloccus aureus (Sa-01 and Sa-02 from burn subjects) and two isolates of Streptococcus mutans (Sm-01 and Sm-02 from dental caries) by agar well diffusion assay. Lichen extracts were found inhibitory against all clinical isolates and the inhibitory activity was dose dependent. Among S. aureus and S. mutans isolates, Sa-02 and Sm-02 were inhibited to higher extent respectively by lichen extracts. Extract of P. praesorediosum inhibited S. aureus isolates to higher extent. Extracts of P. praesorediosum and P. tinctorum inhibited S. mutans isolates to higher extent. The lichens of this study were found promising sources for development of agents active against clinical    isolates. The observed activity of extracts could be ascribed to the  presence of secondary metabolites

EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA ON HALOPERIDOLINDUCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN WISTAR RATS

  Objective: Prolonged usage of neuroleptics in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia provokes extrapyramidal symptoms that are also seen in Parkinson's disease. An attempt has been made to study the neuroprotective role of Achyranthes aspera hydroalcoholic (HA) extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson's symptoms in Wistar rats.Methods: The present study deals with the antiparkinson effect of HA extract of A. aspera on haloperidol (2 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration)- induced catatonia in Wistar rats. The motor coordination in case of haloperidol-treated animals was studied by performing rotarod test and hang test. Dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were estimated using an electrochemical detector and high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant status was also assessed to know the neurotoxicity of haloperidol by estimating the levels of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and reduced GSH by performing individual assays.Results: All these assessments were done on 24 Wistar rats which were divided into four groups (n=6). HA was administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, 30 minutes before haloperidol treatment for 20 days. HA significantly (*p<0.05, **p<0.01) improved the antioxidant status.Conclusion: The results shown that HA shows a protective role in haloperidol catalepsy and also possess antioxidant property

Regulatory role of proteasome in determination of platelet life span

Limit of platelet life span (8-10 days) is determined by the activity of a putative "internal clock" composed of Bcl-2 family proteins, while role of other molecular players in this process remains obscure. Here, we sought to establish a central role of proteasome in platelet life span regulation. Administration of mice with inhibitors of proteasome peptidase activity induced significant thrombocytopenia. This was associated with enhanced clearance of biotin-labeled platelets from circulation and reduction in average platelet half life from 66 to 37 h. Cells pretreated in vitro with proteasome inhibitors exhibited augmented annexin V binding and drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential indicative of apoptotic cell death and decreased platelet life span. These cells were preferentially phagocytosed by monocyte-derived macrophages, thus linking proteasome activity with platelet survival. Decisive role of proteasome in this process was underscored from enhanced expression of conformationally active Bax in platelets with attenuated proteasome activity, which was consistent with pro-apoptotic phenotype of these cells. The present study establishes a critical role of proteasome in delimiting platelet life span ostensibly through constitutive elimination of the conformationally active Bax. These findings bear potential implications in clinical settings where proteasome peptidase activities are therapeutically targeted

IMPACT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC CONCENTRATE OF HEMIDESMUS INDICUS AGAINST 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE PROMPTED PARKINSONISM IN MICE

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Hemidesmus indicus against 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model. Methods: A total of 18 male Swiss Albino mice were divided into three groups (n=6). Hydroalcoholic concentrate of H. indicus (HAHI) at 200 and 400 mg/kg dosages, 30 min before the MPTP (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal organization) treatment, was regulated for 7 days, and behavioral assessment was made by rotarod test, grip strength test, locomotor activity, and catatonia behavioral study. Appraisal of cell reinforcement catalysts, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), superoxide dismutase, catalepsy, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and GSH, were also assessed to screen the neurotoxicity incited by MPTP. Results: In the present investigation, the neuroprotective impacts of the hydroalcoholic concentrate of H. indicus were assessed, Which is known for its monoamine oxidiase activity, stimulant, anti-convulsant activity and a section of it is used as nerve tonic Frozen at 8 degree C. The cell viability analysis and IC50 determination in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines were performed by MTT assay, and neuronal red uptake assay and HAHI were found to have a significant IC50 value in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: The outcomes demonstrated that HAHI essentially enhanced the behavioral studies, striatal neurotransmitter content, and antioxidant status in a dose-dependent manner lessened TBARS level