Measurement and calculation of PZT thin film longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients.

The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of 2000 {angstrom} thick chemical solution deposited Pb(Zr{sub x}Ti{sub 1{minus}x})O{sub 3} (PZT) thin films were investigated. Several Zr/Ti ratios were studied: 30/70, 50/50 and 65/35, which correspond to tetragonal, near-morphotropic, and rhombohedral symmetries. In all samples, a {l_brace}111{r_brace}-texture is predominant. Longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients and their dc field dependence were measured using the contact AFM method. The expected trend of a maximum piezoelectric coefficient at or near to the MPB was not observed. The composition dependence was small, with the maximum d{sub 33} occurring in the tetragonal material. To explain the results, crystallographic texture and film thickness effects are suggested. Using a modified phenomenological approach, derived electrostrictive coefficients, and experimental data, d{sub 33} values were calculated. Qualitative agreement was observed between the measured and calculated coefficients. Justifications of modifications to the calculations are discussed

Heterogeneous two-dimensional nucleation and growth kinetics

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Crystal growth of alkali metal ion doped potassium niobate fiber single crystals

Alkali metal (Na, Rb or Cs) ion doped KNbO3 fiber single crystals are grown using an original pulling down method, to improve their composition change during a crystal growth, by means of co-doping of small ionic size Na and large ionic size Rb or Cs into KNbO3. In spite of the co-doping, single crystals can be grown with orthorhombic single-phase at room temperature, as well as pure KNbO3. Their electric properties, such as impedance, are changed depending on the doping ions. Na and Rb co-doped KNbO3 is promising Pb free ferroelectric and piezoelectric crystals

Potassium-sodium-rubidium niobate single crystals and electric properties

Potassium-sodium-rubidium niobate single crystals are grown using an original pulling down method, to improve their composition change during a crystal growth, by means of co-doping of small ionic size sodium and large ionic size rubidium into potassium niobate. Even by the co-doping, single crystals can be grown with orthorhombic single-phase at room temperature, as well as pure potassium niobate. Their electric properties, such as the dielectric constant and the impedance, are changed depending on the doping ions