Adolescent opioid abuse: Role of glial and neuroimmune mechanisms

Opioids are widely prescribed for pain management, and prescription opioid misuse in adolescents has become a major epidemic in the United States and worldwide. Emerging data indicate that adolescence represents a critical period of brain development, and exposure to opioids during adolescence may increase the risk of addiction in adulthood. There is growing evidence that disruptions in brain glial function may be implicated in numerous chronic neuropathologies. Evidence suggests that glial mechanisms have an important role in the development and maintenance of opioid abuse and the risk for addiction. This review will describe glial and neuroimmune mechanisms involved in opioid use disorders during adolescence, which may increase substance use disorder liability later in life. Moreover, this review will identify some important neuro-glial targets, involved in opioid abuse and addiction, to develop future preventions and treatment strategies

Adolescent opioid abuse: Role of glial and neuroimmune mechanisms

Opioids are widely prescribed for pain management, and prescription opioid misuse in adolescents has become a major epidemic in the United States and worldwide. Emerging data indicate that adolescence represents a critical period of brain development, and exposure to opioids during adolescence may increase the risk of addiction in adulthood. There is growing evidence that disruptions in brain glial function may be implicated in numerous chronic neuropathologies. Evidence suggests that glial mechanisms have an important role in the development and maintenance of opioid abuse and the risk for addiction. This review will describe glial and neuroimmune mechanisms involved in opioid use disorders during adolescence, which may increase substance use disorder liability later in life. Moreover, this review will identify some important neuro-glial targets, involved in opioid abuse and addiction, to develop future preventions and treatment strategies

Analisis Keranjang Pasar Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means dan FP-Growth pada PT. Citra Mustika Pandawa: Market Basket Analysis With K-Means And FP-Growth Algorithm AS Citra Mustika Pandawa Company

PT. Citra Mustika Pandawa adalah Perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang furniture, menjual berbagai perabotan dalam rumah tangga seperti, sofa, televisi, rak piring, lemari dan sebagainya. Pengamatan terhadap transaksi data penjualan PT.Citra Mustika Pandawa memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi baru tentang keadaan pasar serta keminatan pelanggan terhadap suatu produk. Metode yang terkenal dibidang bisnis retail adalah Association Rule atau sering dikenal dengan istilah analisa keranjang belanja (market basket analysis). Pendekatan untuk menganalisa keranjang pasar dengan menggunakan aturan asosiasi. penelitian menggunakan metode asosiasi untuk melihat ketertarikan antara barang yang satu dengan yang lainnya dalam data transaksi. Dalam mengolah data transaksi digunakan algoritma FP-Growth dan K-Means. Algoritma K-Means berguna untuk cluster data, sehingga algoritma FP-Growth berguna untuk proses asosiasi.Berdasarkan Association Rule yang telah terbentuk pada tiap cluster diketahui bahwa terdapat 8 items/produk yang sering dibeli oleh pelanggan pada PT. Citra Mustika Pandawa yaitu produk Meja Makan Elite, Rak Piring Asia Jaya, Tv Led 32", Lemari Es 1p, Kitchen Set, Mesin Cuci 2t, dan Lemari Pakaian 1p

Conspecific injury raises an alarm in medaka

10.1038/srep36615Scientific Reports63661