Fisetin Treats Kidney Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rat Diarrhea

Background: Diarrhea is the increase in the excretion of human water; meanwhile, fisetin, a bioactive flavonol molecule, is widely used in the treatment/prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diarrheal activity of fisetin by restoring kidney function, antioxidant activity, inflammatory markers, Na+/K+-ATPase level, apoptosis, and protein content in diarrheal rats. Methods: A total of 36 male rats were distributed into two groups (18 rats/group): normal and diarrheal. The normal group was further divided into three subgroups (6 rats/subgroup): Control, fisetin, and desmopressin drug subgroups, consisting of normal rats orally treated once a day for 4 weeks with 1 mL distilled water, 50 mg/kg fisetin, and 1 mg/kg desmopressin drug, respectively. A lactose diet containing 35% lactose was fed to the normal rats for a month. The diarrheal rats were also divided into three subgroups (6 rats/subgroup): diarrheal rats, diarrheal rats + fisetin, and diarrheal rats + desmopressin drug groups, whereby the diarrheal rats were orally treated once a day for 4 weeks with 1 mL distilled water, 50 mg/kg fisetin, and 1 mg/kg desmopressin drug, respectively. Results: Fisetin significantly decreased serum urea (41.20 ± 2.6–29.74 ± 2.65), creatinine (1.43 ± 0.05–0.79 ± 0.06), and urinary volume (1.30 ± 0.41–0.98 ± 0.20), while significantly increasing kidney weight (0.48 ± 0.03–0.67 ± 0.07), sodium, potassium, and chloride balance in both serum and urine. Fisetin significantly increased the antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase (1170 ± 40–3230 ± 50), glutathione peroxidase (365 ± 18–775 ± 16), catalase (0.09 ± 0.03–0.14 ± 0.06), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase activity (8.6 ± 1.31–10.5 ± 1.25), while significantly decreasing malondialdehyde (19.38 ± 0.54–9.54 ± 0.83), conjugated dienes (1.86 ± 0.24–1.64 ± 0.19), and oxidative index (0.62 ± 0.04–0.54 ± 0.05)), alongside the inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α (65.2 ± 2.59–45.3 ± 2.64), interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 (107 ± 4.5–56.1 ± 7.2), and interleukin-10) in the diarrheal rats to values approaching the control values. Fisetin also restored the Na+/K+-ATPase level, apoptosis, protein content, and kidney architecture in diarrheal rats to be near the control group. Conclusions: Fisetin treated diarrhea in rats by restoring kidney function, antioxidant activity, inflammatory markers, apoptosis, proteome content, and histology

Treatment of failed scaphoid nonunion fixation using free medial femoral condyle vascularized bone grafting

Background: Nonunion in scaphoid fractures may be considered a devastating problem. Union failure results in scaphoid deformity, resorption, and bone loss. Failed previous fixation decreases remaining bone stock and makes it more difficult to achieve union. Free vascularized graft represents a good option to achieve scaphoid union with revision fixation. Our study aims at the assessment of the management of scaphoid fractures non-union after failed previous fixation with the use of a free vascularized graft from the medial femoral condyle. Methods: This is a retrospective study including 16 cases with persistent scaphoid nonunion after previous fixation managed by vascularized medial femoral condyle grafts. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Previous surgical attempts and nonunion duration were noted. We evaluated the union rate, together with ROM, Scapholunate angles and pain scores. Results: the union was achieved in 13 of 16 cases. Pain improved in all patients (10/16 complete relief). Wrist ROM at follow-up was an average of 50° flexion 48° extension. There was no change in the relationship between lunate and scaphoid with an average angle of 37.5° preoperative and 38° postoperative. Conclusion: Free vascularized MFC grafts are considered a reliable method to treat persistent nonunion of scaphoid fractures after failed previous operations. Short-term follow-up data showed considerable union rates with adequate pain relief and satisfactory ROM

Viabilidade econômica do uso do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento na cultura da cebola Economic viability of the use of drip irrigation system on onion crop

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a viabilidade econômica do uso do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento na cultura da cebola. O experimento foi conduzido em canteiros construídos a céu aberto, na área experimental do Departamento de Agricultura/ UFLA, no período de junho a outubro de 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas cultivares de cebola, cultivar híbrida Optima F1 e cultivar não híbrida Alfa Tropical, e seis tensões da água no solo, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 e 75 kPa. A análise econômica da lavoura irrigada foi fundamentada na teoria dos custos de produção e, considerando-se a metodologia aplicada, conclui-se que as despesas com os recursos variáveis foram as que mais oneraram o custo final da cebola em todos os tratamentos estudados. Os custos totais médios foram, inversamente, proporcionais às produtividades dos tratamentos de tensão da água no solo, para ambas as cultivares, indicando uma resposta à escala de produção. Na condição do experimento, a recomendação é de que se adote, como momento de irrigar, a tensão da água no solo de 15 kPa e, como cultivar o híbrido Optima F1, para que se obtenha maior rentabilidade na atividade produtiva. A irrigação por gotejamento na cultura da cebola, adotando-se as tensões da água no solo e as cultivares estudadas neste trabalho, é uma técnica economicamente viável.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the use of drip irrigation system on onion crop. The experiment was set at open field beds in the experimental area of the Agricultural Department/UFLA, from June to October 2008. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 6, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two onion cultivars, the hybrid Optima F1 and the non hybrid Alfa Tropical and six soil water tension values, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 75 kPa. The economic analysis of the irrigated farming was based on the production costs theory and considering the used methodology it was concluded that, for all treatment, variable costs were the ones that most affected the final cost of onion harvest. The average total costs were inversely proportional to the yield. In all soil water tension treatments for both cultivars, indicating a scale effect on the economical result. At the conditions of this experiment, the recommendation is to use 15 kPa tension as an indicator of the moment for irrigation, and the hybrid cultivar Optima F1 for higher profitability. The drip irrigation on onion crop, using the soil water tension values tested and both cultivars is a viable economical technique