CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING PROPERTY OF BACILLUS CEREUS STRAIN KAVK4 ISOLATED FROM BUTTER

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the present study was to check the cholesterol-lowering property of Bacillus cereus strain KAVK4 at different concentration ofcholesterol, different pH, different temperature, and different incubation time.Methods: B. cereus strain KAVK4 was isolated from butter by spread plate method. The cholesterol-lowering property was studied by adding differentconcentration of cholesterol in nutrient agar medium. Further, the cholesterol-lowering ability was optimized at various parameters such as differentconcentration of cholesterol, different pH, different temperature, and different incubation time.Results: B. cereus strain KAVK4 was utilized cholesterol and grown well in nutrient medium containing cholesterol at 1 mg/ml concentration. Thecholesterol utilization was optimized at 1 mg/ml concentration, the optimal pH was at 8, the temperature at 30°C, and the incubation period was at24 hrs.Conclusion: B. cereus strain KAVK4 was able to utilize cholesterol from the culture medium. Hence, B. cereus strain KAVK4 has been reported ascholesterol lowering agent.Keywords: Cholesterol lowering, Bacillus cereus, pH, Temperature, Time

Dyeing of cotton fabric by Caesalpinia sappan aqueous extract at different temperatures and mordants

The colour is one of the most important features in textile industry and customers requirements. Synthetic colours are available at affordable prices due to their bulk production. On the other hand, they pose undesirable taste (in case of foods) and harmful effects to ecosystem. The natural colours when used in textiles do not threat the environments and do not cause any skin allergy, toxicity and other hazards to living things as compared to the synthetic counterparts. In the present study, dyeing experiments were conducted with the aqueous extract of bark chips of Caesalpinia sappan at 60, 80 and100° C and using different mordant treatments. The fastness to washing for most of cotton fabrics showed fair grey scale rating. Among the mordants Alum, CuSo4 and Myrobalan used, the natural mordant myrobalan showed poor fastness properties compared to other two mordants. The staining tests showed that most of fabrics exhibited only slight/completely no pilling in majority of the treatments

Issues And Challenges Of India’s Unhealthy Economy During Covid-19 Pandemic With Global Outlook

The economic activity in global level withhighCOVID-19casessuffering prolonged disruption as restrictions could continue longer. Indeed, given one of the most stringent lockdowns in the world, the worst-performing months for India this fiscal Year. The purpose of study is about highlights the need for urgent action to modify the epidemic’s health and economic consequences by the government in India and as global, and the extensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth once the crisis lifts

Immunohistochemical expression of HER 2 NEU, P53 & P63 in urothelial bladder carcinoma and its correlation with clinico-pathological variables

In the present study, immunohistochemical expression of HER 2 NEU, P53 & P63 were evaluated in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder for a period of two years from June 2015- June 2017 in the Institute of Pathology, Madras Medical College & Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. The immunohistochemical expression of these markers were correlated with various clinico-pathological variables like age, gender, tumor size, grade, stage and invasiveness of the tumor. We also analyzed the correlation between HER 2 NEU with P53, HER 2 NEU with P63 and P53 expression with P63 expression. We performed both prospective and retrospective data analysis of patients who were diagnosed to have biopsy proven urothelial carcinoma and were included in the study population. The exclusion criteria included all benign & non neoplastic lesions of the bladder and other histological variants of urothelial carcinoma like micropapillary variant, urothelial carcinoma with squamoid differentiation, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. We received 22,178 specimens for histopathological examination during the study period and 123 were bladder specimens. Out of 123 bladder specimens, 84 cases were diagnosed as urothelial carcinoma, 32 were reported as non neoplastic & benign lesions and conclusive opinion could not be arrived in 7 cases because of inadequate sampling. Among 84 cases, 46 (55%) were high grade and 38 (45%) were low grade urothelial carcinoma. We selected 52 cases of urothelial carcinoma from 84 cases and this constituted equal proportion of high (26 cases) grade and low (26 cases) grade urothelial carcinoma for easy comparison. Among 26 high grade urothelial carcinoma, 24 (92%) were muscle invasive and 2 (8%) were non muscle invasive carcinoma. Of 26 low grade urothelial carcinoma, 5 (19%) were muscle invasive and 21 (81%) were non muscle invasive. In the present series, the peak incidence of urothelial carcinoma was above 50 years of age. Males constituted 69% and females accounted for 31% of cases. The lateral wall was the most common site of urothelial carcinoma followed by posterolateral wall. It was found that urine cytology showed higher sensitivity for high grade urothelial carcinoma than low grade urothelial carcinoma. Most high grade carcinoma were stage II & III, whereas most low grade were stage I & II carcinoma and a significant statistical correlation was observed between the grade and the stage of the tumor. Immunohistochemical expression of HER 2 NEU showed significant statistical correlation with tumor grade and no correlation was observed with age, gender, size, stage and invasiveness of the tumor. P53 over expression correlated with tumor grade, stage and invasiveness of the tumor and no correlation was observed with age, gender and size of the tumor. There exists a statistical correlation between decreased expression of P63 and grade, invasiveness, size, stage and no correlation was observed with age, sex. HER 2 NEU expression showed correlation with P53 over expression and decreased P63 expression. A significant statistical correlation was observed between P53 over expression and decreased expression of P63. It is inferred that HER 2 NEU over expressing patients would be benefited from targeted therapy and it could be considered as prognostic marker in the future. Similarly, over expression of P53 and decreased expression of P63 could be considered as surrogate molecular markers affecting the prognosis and outcome of the patient. Thus these markers aids in risk stratification and management of the patient

EXPLORATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF THUNBERGIA COCCINEA, ITS PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT, GCMS AND ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC STUDIES

Objective: An effort currently made to appraise the preliminary phytochemical, pharmacognostic criteria, antioxidant, GCMS and antihyperglycemic investigations of the Thunbergia coccinea leaves. Thunbergia coccinea (T. coccinea) is an ornamental plant considerably practiced by the tribes of forest areas of Assam (INDIA) as an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidote, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic and detoxificant substance. Methods: A comprehensive literature survey was conducted to recognize the ethnomedicinal value of T. coccinea, which is currently grown practically in all provinces. The physicochemical constants like moisture content, ash values especially total ash, insoluble acid ash, water-soluble ash and foreign organic matter were determined for the assessment of the drug. Pharmacognostic parameters like fluorescence examination and microscopic characters of the leaf were studied that would serve to verify for contamination. The extract secured by maceration was subjected to the phytochemical inquiry to determine the existence of substances and their antioxidant activity. The antihyperglycemic characteristic of alcoholic extract of the leaf was examined with the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) studies of alcoholic extract of the plant leaf have undertaken to get an insight into the therapeutic properties of the molecules present based on online PASS prediction. Results: Various physicochemical, microscopic parameters studied gave a clear distinguishing and identifying features of T. coccinea leaf. Phytochemical screening gave an insight into the secondary metabolites existing in the plant leaf through picturizing its therapeutic properties against various ailments. Both extracts of T. coccinea leaf showed enhanced antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, the alcoholic leaf extract has shown significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 171.38±2.51 μg/ml and AQTC an IC50 value of 206.29±4.5 μg/ml respectively by DPPH method. Further, ACTC showed a better-reducing potential with an IC50 value of 105.74±0.61 μg/ml in comparison with AQTC IC50 value of 203.702±0.97 μg/ml by FRP method. The inhibition potentiality of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was found to be 71.66 % and 83.74 %, respectively at 500 µg/ml that rationally an adequate remedy in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. GCMS studies of the alcoholic extract unveiled the presence of different molecules like Glycerol, tris (trimethylsilyl) ether, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, Undecanoic acid, Ethyl ester, Phytol in comparison with NIST library, thereby giving its predicted therapeutic properties like sugar phosphatase inhibitor, antifungal, phobic disorders treatment, antiviral and so on. Conclusion: The selected plant had many proven therapeutic traits and, possibly, successively united on to the sort of potential therapeutic plants. Besides, isolation and discoveries will lead to the detection of certain novel compounds, which will be of potential medicinal value

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA (L) R.BR - A SHORT REVIEW

Leonotis nepetifolia (L) R.Br commonly known as Lion’s ear, has number of therapeutic properties and is also known as Christmas candlestic. The genus Leonotis has 12 species widely distributed in Pan Tropics and is represented by one species, Leonotis nepetifolia in India. It belongs to family Lamiaceae. Leonotis nepetifolia is an economically important medicinal plant of repute in Indian traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. The Ayurvedic name of the plant is Granthiparni, while the trade name is Barchi Buti. It has many therapeutic properties and proved in Madagascar, Brazil, Canada, Kenya and many African Countries to treat diseases, rheumatism, dysmenorrhoea, bronchial asthma, fever, diarrhoea influenza and malaria and is also an analgesic. The decoction of the leaves is used to treat coughs, burns and skin ailments. The whole plant is used for menstrual pain and unspecified female complaints. This plant exhibited various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant activity, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, wound healing, hepatoprotective activity and antimicrobial activities. Phytochemical examination of this plant indicated the presence of alkaloids (leonurine and stachydrene), iridoid glycoside (leonuride), iridoid glycosides (leonurin and leonuridine), diterpenoids (leocardin), flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, apigenin), volatile oil, tannins and vitamin A. Leonotis nepetifolia is highly therapeutic and is used in various Ayurvedic formulations. This article briefly reviews the pharmacological and various therapeutic aspect of Leonotis nepetifolia

Nilgirianthus ciliatus mediated environment friendly extracellular synthesis of AgNps to exact its potential against Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and Staphylococcus aureus

Aedes aegypti, the dengue vector, is a menace continuing since 1780; it is due to development of resistant to synthetic insecticides and Staphylococcus aureus, the common microbial pathogen agent of food poisoning, skin infections and respiratory infections have developed multidrug resistant, which forced us to focus on novel agent for which the dengue vector and bacterial pathogen have not practiced to develop resistant and which cannot detoxify it using its usual enzyme activity as it did earlier. Silver nanoparticles a challenging insecticidal agents for the toxic degrading enzymes of both the insect and microbe was the target of our present study to excavate the potential in killing immature of dengue vector and bacterial pathogen. Green protocolled nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using leaf extract of Nilgirianthus ciliatus which act as reducing as well as capping agents. The UVvis spectra observed at 441nm confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. XRD and FT-IR confirmed the crystalline nature and organic capping around the silver nanoparticles respectively. SEM and DLS showed the average size at 117 nm and the particle dispersion was at -17.2mV zeta potential