6,526 research outputs found
The classification of 2-compact groups
We prove that any connected 2-compact group is classified by its 2-adic root
datum, and in particular the exotic 2-compact group DI(4), constructed by
Dwyer-Wilkerson, is the only simple 2-compact group not arising as the
2-completion of a compact connected Lie group. Combined with our earlier work
with Moeller and Viruel for p odd, this establishes the full classification of
p-compact groups, stating that, up to isomorphism, there is a one-to-one
correspondence between connected p-compact groups and root data over the p-adic
integers. As a consequence we prove the maximal torus conjecture, giving a
one-to-one correspondence between compact Lie groups and finite loop spaces
admitting a maximal torus. Our proof is a general induction on the dimension of
the group, which works for all primes. It refines the
Andersen-Grodal-Moeller-Viruel methods to incorporate the theory of root data
over the p-adic integers, as developed by Dwyer-Wilkerson and the authors, and
we show that certain occurring obstructions vanish, by relating them to
obstruction groups calculated by Jackowski-McClure-Oliver in the early 1990s.Comment: 47 page
The C*-algebra of an affine map on the 3-torus
We study the C*-algebra of an affine map on a compact abelian group and give
necessary and sufficient conditions for strong transitivity when the group is a
torus. The structure of the C*-algebra is completely determined for all
strongly transitive affine maps on a torus of dimension one, two or three
Reduced, tame and exotic fusion systems
We define here two new classes of saturated fusion systems, reduced fusion
systems and tame fusion systems. These are motivated by our attempts to better
understand and search for exotic fusion systems: fusion systems which are not
the fusion systems of any finite group. Our main theorems say that every
saturated fusion system reduces to a reduced fusion system which is tame only
if the original one is realizable, and that every reduced fusion system which
is not tame is the reduction of some exotic (nonrealizable) fusion system
A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease
Humans are colonized by multitudes of commensal organisms representing members of five of the six kingdoms of life; however, our gastrointestinal tract provides residence to both beneficial and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Imbalances in the composition of the bacterial microbiota, known as dysbiosis, are postulated to be a major factor in human disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. We report here that the prominent human symbiont Bacteroides fragilis protects animals from experimental colitis induced by Helicobacter hepaticus, a commensal bacterium with pathogenic potential. This beneficial activity requires a single microbial molecule (polysaccharide A, PSA). In animals harbouring B. fragilis not expressing PSA, H. hepaticus colonization leads to disease and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in colonic tissues. Purified PSA administered to animals is required to suppress pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 production by intestinal immune cells and also inhibits in vitro reactions in cell cultures. Furthermore, PSA protects from inflammatory disease through a functional requirement for interleukin-10-producing CD4+ T cells. These results show that molecules of the bacterial microbiota can mediate the critical balance between health and disease. Harnessing the immunomodulatory capacity of symbiosis factors such as PSA might potentially provide therapeutics for human inflammatory disorders on the basis of entirely novel biological principles
Factors associated with a prolonged hospital stay during induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed high risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Background
High Risk (HR) or Very High Risk (VHR) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with 4 drug induction chemotherapy is often associated with adverse events. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with a prolonged inpatient length of stay LOS during induction chemotherapy.
Procedure
Data from patients (N = 73) (age<21 years) was collected through a retrospective chart review. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to test for statistical significance. The overall survival and disease (leukemia)-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test.
Results
Of the 73 patients, 42 (57%) patients were discharged on day 4 of induction (short LOS, group A), while 31 (43%) patients (group B) experienced a prolonged LOS or an ICU stay (16 ± 27.7 days, median hospital stay = 8 days vs 4 days (group A), p = 0.02) due to organ dysfunction, infectious or metabolic complications. Group B patients were more likely to have a lower platelet count, serum bicarbonate, and a higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on day 4 of treatment (OR = 4.52, 8.21, and 3.02, respectively, p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis identified low serum bicarbonate (p = 0.002) and a platelet count<20,000/μL (p = 0.02) on day 4 of induction to be predictive of a prolonged LOS. Twenty six (group A (n = 16, 36%) and B (n = 11, 35%), p = 0.8) patients experienced unplanned admissions, within 30 days of discharge.
Conclusions
A significant proportion of newly diagnosed HR or VHR pediatric ALL patients experience a prolonged LOS and unplanned re-admissions. Aggressive discharge planning and close follow up is indicated in this cohort of patients
Implementing quantum electrodynamics with ultracold atomic systems
We discuss the experimental engineering of model systems for the description
of QED in one spatial dimension via a mixture of bosonic Na and
fermionic Li atoms. The local gauge symmetry is realized in an optical
superlattice, using heteronuclear boson-fermion spin-changing interactions
which preserve the total spin in every local collision. We consider a large
number of bosons residing in the coherent state of a Bose-Einstein condensate
on each link between the fermion lattice sites, such that the behavior of
lattice QED in the continuum limit can be recovered. The discussion about the
range of possible experimental parameters builds, in particular, upon
experiences with related setups of fermions interacting with coherent samples
of bosonic atoms. We determine the atomic system's parameters required for the
description of fundamental QED processes, such as Schwinger pair production and
string breaking. This is achieved by benchmark calculations of the atomic
system and of QED itself using functional integral techniques. Our results
demonstrate that the dynamics of one-dimensional QED may be realized with
ultracold atoms using state-of-the-art experimental resources. The experimental
setup proposed may provide a unique access to longstanding open questions for
which classical computational methods are no longer applicable
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