A generalization of heterochromatic graphs

In 2006, Suzuki, and Akbari & Alipour independently presented a necessary and sufficient condition for edge-colored graphs to have a heterochromatic spanning tree, where a heterochromatic spanning tree is a spanning tree whose edges have distinct colors. In this paper, we propose $f$-chromatic graphs as a generalization of heterochromatic graphs. An edge-colored graph is $f$-chromatic if each color $c$ appears on at most $f(c)$ edges. We also present a necessary and sufficient condition for edge-colored graphs to have an $f$-chromatic spanning forest with exactly $m$ components. Moreover, using this criterion, we show that a $g$-chromatic graph $G$ of order $n$ with $|E(G)|>\binom{n-m}{2}$ has an $f$-chromatic spanning forest with exactly $m$ ($1 \le m \le n-1$) components if $g(c) \le \frac{|E(G)|}{n-m}f(c)$ for any color $c$.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Progress toward the Total Synthesis of Saudin: Development of a Tandem Stille-Oxa-Electrocyclization Reaction

A diastereoselective tandem Stille-oxa-electrocyclization reaction provides access to the core of the diterpenoid natural product saudin. Additionally, this new reaction sequence was extended to the convergent preparation of related polycyclic pyran systems

Penilaian Pengunjung Terhadap Layanan Arsip Statis Di Badan Arsip Dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penilaian pengunjung terhadap petugas layanan di Badan Arsip dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Jawa Tengah, mengetahui penilaian pengunjung terhadap layanan arsip statis arsip di Badan Arsip dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Jawa Tengah, mengetahui penilaian pengunjung terhadap fasilitas layanan yang diberikan oleh Badan Arsip dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Jawa Tengah.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Menurut Supardi, “Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif merupakan penelitian yang menekankan pada pengujian teori – teori melalui pengukuran variabel – variabel penelitian dengan angka kemudian dilakukan analisis. Pengunjung sebagai populasi dan sampel.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah penilaian pengunjung terhadap petugas layanan dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu sikap dan cara berinteraksi petugas layanan cukup ramah dan kinerja petugas layanan kurang baik. Penilaian pengunjung terhadap layanan arsip statis dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu penilaian pengunjung terhadap prosedur layanan informasi arsip sangat sesuai, biaya retribusi sangat murah, layanan kunjungan kurang sesuai, kelengkapan koleksi arsip cukup sesuai. Penilaian pengunjung terhadap fasilitas layanan dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu penyediaan fasilitas layanan sangat memadai dan sarana dan prasarana cukup maksimal. Simpulan yang didapat bahwa penilaian pengunjung terhadap layanan arsip statis di Badan Arsip dan Perpustakaan Provinsi Jawa Tengah sangat baik dengan presentase 60%

Orbital Ordering in ferromagnetic Lu2V2O7

We have observed the orbital ordering in the ferromagnetic Mott-insulator Lu2V2O7 by the polarized neutron diffraction technique. The orbital ordering pattern determined from the observed magnetic form factors can be explained in terms of a linear combination of wave functions |yz>, |zx> and |xy>; |0> = (1/3)^(1/2) |xy> + (1/3)^(1/2)|yz> + (1/3)^(1/2) |zx> which is proportional to |(x + y + z)^2 - r^2>; where each orbital is extended toward the center-of-mass of the V tetrahedron. We discuss the stability of the ferromagnetic Lu2V2O7, using a Hubbard Hamiltonian with these three orbitals.Comment: 17pages. to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005

High Accuracy and Automatic Measurement of the Pattern Linewidth on Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits

High accuracy measurement of pattern linewidth is particularly important in Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) manufacturing. The measurement of pattern linewidth has been done by optical methods. However, the optical methods have several problems: as the measured value depends on slope angle at pattern edge, thickness and optical property of film and also substrate, there exists a large difference in size (0.3 μm) between the defined edge and the true edge in case of photoresist linewidth measurements. Especially, the optical methods have severe problems to measure bottom of pattern edge and are unsuitable to measure pattern linewidth in VLSI\u27s manufacturing. The secondary electron signal obtained by electron beam irradiation can be used to measure pattern linewidth with high accuracy. In order to avoid radiation damage and contamination during in-process measurement, low primary electron energy (1 keV) and low dosage of primary electrons (1X1020electrons/cm2) are used. As secondary electron signal includes much random noise, signal averaging and smoothing methods for random noise reduction are utilized. The automatic detection of bottom edge from secondary electron profile is achieved by detecting the increasing point of line profile which corresponds to the cross point of the average line and the slope line. The linewidths obtained by this method agree with the linewidths calculated from the pattern pitch of cross section image obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) within the error of 0.04μm

Marky: a lightweight web tracking tool for document annotation

Document annotation is an elementary task in the development of Text Mining applications, notably in defining the entities and relationships that are relevant to a given domain. Many annotation software tools have been implemented. Some are particular to a Text Mining framework while others are typical stand-alone tools. Regardless, most development efforts were driven to basic functionality, i.e. performing the annotation, and to interface, making sure operation was intuitive and visually appellative. The deployment of large-scale annotation jamborees and projects showed the need for additional features regarding inter- and intra-annotation management. Therefore, this paper presents Marky, a new Web-based document annotation tool that integrates a highly customisable annotation environment with a robust project management system. Novelty lays on the annotation tracking system, which supports per user and per round annotation change tracking and thus, enables automatic annotation correction and agreement analysis

All Coronal Loops are the Same: Evidence to the Contrary

The 1998 April 20 spectral line data from the Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer (CDS) on the {\it Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} (\SOHO) shows a coronal loop on the solar limb. Our original analysis of these data showed that the plasma was multi-thermal, both along the length of the loop and along the line of sight. However, more recent results by other authors indicate that background subtraction might change these conclusions, so we consider the effect of background subtraction on our analysis. We show Emission Measure (EM) Loci plots of three representative pixels: loop apex, upper leg, and lower leg. Comparisons of the original and background-subtracted intensities show that the EM Loci are more tightly clustered after background subtraction, but that the plasma is still not well represented by an isothermal model. Our results taken together with those of other authors indicate that a variety of temperature structures may be present within loops.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

New pages from the Tibet museum birch-bark manuscript (1): fragments related to Jñānapāda

Horizon 2020(H2020)741884Asian Studie

Biogeochemistry and geomicrobiology of cold-water coral carbonate mounds - lessons learned from IODP Expedition 307

Large mound structures associated with cold-water coral ecosystems commonly occur on the slopes of continental margins, for instance, west of Ireland in the Porcupine Seabight, the Gulf of Cadiz or the Straits of Florida. In the Porcupine Seabight over 1500 mounds of up to 5 km in diameter and 250 m height lie at water depths of 600 to 900 m. The cold-water coral reef ecosystems associated with these structures are considered to be “hotspots” of organic carbon mineralization and microbial systems. To establish a depositional and biogeochemical/diagenetic model for cold-water carbonate mounds, Challenger Mound and adjacent continental slope sites were drilled in May 2005 during IODP Expedition 307. One major objective was to test whether deep sub-surface hydrocarbon flow and enhanced microbial activity within the mound structure was important in producing and stabilizing these sedimentary structures.Drilling results showed that the Challenger mound succession (IODP Site U1317) is 130 to 150 meters thick, and mainly consists of floatstone and rudstone facies formed of fine sediments and cold-water branching corals. Pronounced recurring cycles on the scales of several meters are recognized in carbonate content (up to 70% carbonate) and color reflectance, and are probably associated with Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. A role for methane seepage and subsequent anaerobic oxidation was discounted both as a hard-round substrate for mound initiation and as a principal source of carbonate within the mound succession. A broad sulfate-methane transition (approximately 50 m thick) within the Miocene sediments suggested that the zone of anaerobic oxidation of methane principally occurs below the moundbase. In the mound sediments, interstitial water profiles of sulfate, alkalinity, Mg, and Sr suggested a tight coupling between carbonate diagenesis and low rates of microbial sulfate reduction. Overall organic carbon mineralization within cold-water coral mound appeared to be dominated by low rates of iron- and sulfate-reduction that occur in discrete layers within the mound. This was consistent with distributions of total cell-counts, acetate turnover (Webster et al. 2009) and hydrogenase activity (Soffiento et al. 2009). However, biomarker lipid distributions suggested that the Miocene sediments underlying the mound, into which sulfate is diffusing, as well as the sediments from the non-cold water coral reference site (U1318) contain higher abundances of living microbes. The results obtained from Expedition 307 are consistent with a picture emerging from other biogeochemical studies of cold-water coral mound and reef sites. Unless impacted by some external forcing (e.g. fluid flow or erosion event), the microbial activity in the underlying cold-water coral mound sediments is largely decoupled from the highly diverse, active surface ecosystem