10,343 research outputs found
The Welfare Effect of Organic Milk
This study analyzes the demands for organic and conventional milk at both brand level and commodity level adopting the multi-stage demand approach. The study also measures the consumer benefits from organic milk introduction and finds the welfare effect significant.Demand and Price Analysis,
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High-Performance, Wearable Thermoelectric Generator Based on a Highly Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheet
A high-performance, wearable thermoelectric generator (TEG) was fabricated with a highly aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet. The aligned CNT sheet exhibits extraordinary electrical conductivity compared to disordered CNT sheets and also can be directly fabricated as a continuous TEG without metal electrode interconnects. This provides a significant reduction in contact resistance between TE legs and electrodes compared to traditional TEGs, resulting in higher power output. In addition, the continuity of the module without any disconnected parts provides high degrees of mechanical stability and durability. This robust and scalable approach to flexible TEG fabrication paves the way for CNT applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable electronics
Electrogenic transport and K(+) ion channel expression by the human endolymphatic sac epithelium.
The endolymphatic sac (ES) is a cystic organ that is a part of the inner ear and is connected to the cochlea and vestibule. The ES is thought to be involved in inner ear ion homeostasis and fluid volume regulation for the maintenance of hearing and balance function. Many ion channels, transporters, and exchangers have been identified in the ES luminal epithelium, mainly in animal studies, but there has been no functional study investigating ion transport using human ES tissue. We designed the first functional experiments on electrogenic transport in human ES and investigated the contribution of K(+) channels in the electrogenic transport, which has been rarely identified, even in animal studies, using electrophysiological/pharmacological and molecular biological methods. As a result, we identified functional and molecular evidence for the essential participation of K(+) channels in the electrogenic transport of human ES epithelium. The identified K(+) channels involved in the electrogenic transport were KCNN2, KCNJ14, KCNK2, and KCNK6, and the K(+) transports via those channels are thought to play an important role in the maintenance of the unique ionic milieu of the inner ear fluid
Effects of NH3 pre-treatment time on nitrogen-polar GaN grown on carbon-face 4H-SiC using high-temperature metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Infrared Hall conductivity of NaCoO
We report infrared Hall conductivity of
NaCoO thin films determined from Faraday rotation angle
measurements. exhibits two types of hole
conduction, Drude and incoherent carriers. The coherent Drude carrier shows a
large renormalized mass and Fermi liquid-like behavior of Hall scattering rate,
. The spectral weight is suppressed and disappears at T
= 120K. The incoherent carrier response is centered at mid-IR frequency and
shifts to lower energy with increasing T. Infrared Hall constant is positive
and almost independent of temperature in sharp contrast with the dc-Hall
constant.Comment: 5 Pages, 5 Figures. Author list corrected in metadata only, paper is
unchange
Penetration Pathways Induced by Low-Frequency Sonophoresis with Physical and Chemical Enhancers: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles versus Lanthanum Nitrates
Low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS) has been shown to disrupt the structure of stratum corneum (SC) lipid bilayers and enhance SC permeability. In this study, we examined the penetration pathway of lanthanum nitrate (LaNO3) tracer in viable epidermis after combined treatment of LFS and tape stripping (TS), as a physical enhancer, or oleic acid (OA) application, as a chemical enhancer, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a positive control, we visualized the passive diffusion pathway of LaNO3 and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles after the incision of hairless mouse skin. Next, we applied LFS immediately after TS or OA application and visualized the penetration pathway of LaNO3. Each treatment showed restricted penetration to the SC–stratum granulosum (SG) interface or upper SG layer. However, the additional application of LFS induced diffuse intracellular distribution of LaNO3 throughout the viable epidermis. Quantitative analysis also revealed that combined treatment significantly increases LaNO3 penetration into viable epidermis when compared with each treatment. Our ultrastructural findings show the synergistic effect of LFS and TS or OA application on transdermal drug delivery. We also found that this combined treatment enhances the penetration of LaNO3 through the viable epidermis through an intracellular pathway
A Scaling Behavior of Spectral Weight Changes in Perovskite Manganites La_{0.7-y}Pr_{y}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3
Optical conductivity spectra of La_{0.7-y}Pr_{y}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3 were
systematically investigated. For metallic samples, the spectral weight below
0.5 eV, whose magnitude can be represented by the effective carrier number
N_{eff}(0.5 eV), increases as temperature becomes lower. Regardless of the Pr
doping, all the measured values of N_{eff}(0.5 eV)/T_C fall into one scaling
curve. This scaling behavior could be explained by the theoretical model by
Roeder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1356 (1996)], which includes spin double
exchange and Jahn-Teller lattice coupling to holes. With the Pr doping,
far-infrared conductivities were found to be suppressed, probably due to the
Anderson localization.Comment: Latex 2e, 8 pages including 4 postscript figures, submitted at Apr 2
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