Service selection in service oriented architecture using probabilistic approach and asynchronous queues with interceptor validation

In service Oriented Architecture, many services are offered with similar functionality but with different service quality parameters. Thus the service selection using a deterministic approach causes conflicts and inefficient results. We use asynchronous queue to model the service inventory architecture avoiding unnecessary locking of resources and thus allowing a provision to consumers to get their required services without intervening and with temporally decoupled fashion. Actually this kind of service selection strategy is considered in regards with game theory to eliminate fluctuations of queue length. It offers a discrete random service which is equal to some request requested by consumers, it means service can be provided based on probability mass function as a substitute of deterministic decisions for selecting a proper service provider as of the consumers. Once the request is taken out from the queue, it is delivered to the interceptor that has validation and sanitization module. It thus reduces the peak queue length and reduces periodic fluctuations in the queue length

Virtual Experimental Pharmacology an Alternative or Not? – A Global Assessment by Pharmacology Faculties and MBBS Students

Aim: To assess the preference and acceptance of the virtual and real animal experiment in experimental Pharmacology in undergraduate students. Materials and Methods:  Study was conducted in practical hall in the department of pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College. Students who came for the practical class were exposed to both virtual and real animal experiments. 131 students were exposed to both virtual and experimental experiments. Four types  of experiments has been exposed to the students. Virtual experiment exposed by Audio- visual aids. Real experiments were conducted by students themselves in groups of ten. Questionnaire was served to the students to find out their preference and acceptance. Questions were framed pertaining to 1. Knowledge 2. Recollection of subject   3. Research. The last question was about their acceptance. Faculties were also assessed on their preference. Results: The results were analysed to find out the knowledge gained, recollection of subject, and research orientation in both virtual and experimental pharmacology. Conclusion: Virtual experiments can be an alternative to animal experiments in experimental Pharmacology in undergraduate teaching

Three-dimensional trajectories and network analyses of group behaviour within chimney swift flocks during approaches to the roost

Chimney swifts (Chaetura pelagica) are highly manoeuvrable birds notable for roosting overnight in chimneys, in groups of hundreds or thousands of birds, before and during their autumn migration. At dusk, birds gather in large numbers from surrounding areas near a roost site. The whole flock then employs an orderly, but dynamic, circling approach pattern before rapidly entering a small aperture en masse. We recorded the three-dimensional trajectories of ≈1 800 individual birds during a 30 min period encompassing flock formation, circling, and landing, and used these trajectories to test several hypotheses relating to flock or group behaviour. Specifically, we investigated whether the swifts use local interaction rules based on topological distance (e.g. the n nearest neighbours, regardless of their distance) rather than physical distance (e.g. neighbours within x m, regardless of number) to guide interactions, whether the chimney entry zone is more or less cooperative than the surrounding flock, and whether the characteristic subgroup size is constant or varies with flock density. We found that the swift flock is structured around local rules based on physical distance, that subgroup size increases with density, and that there exist regions of the flock that are less cooperative than others, in particular the chimney entry zone

Phocomelia: is it time to retrospect, regulate and rescue? a case report

Phocomelia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which presents as, the proximal part of the limb (humerus or femur, radius or tibia, ulna or fibula) being absent or markedly hypoplastic, with normal or near normal hand or foot. True phocomelia presents as the total absence of the intermediate segments of the limb, with the hand or foot directly attached to the trunk. Presented here is a case of phocomelia in an aborted foetus, with no maternal history of thalidomide exposure in her pregnancy and for whom evaluation of other family members/ siblings failed to reveal any substantial abnormality. The differential diagnosis and the significance of reporting of serious adverse drug reactions are discussed

Rapid production of therapeutic proteins using plant system

Plant molecular farming is simply defined as the production of proteins therapeutics (PT) in plants, which involves transient gene expression in plants and purification of expressed protein to a great scale for diagnosis, treatment and other applications.  This is therapid,economical, safe and reproducible approach for the production of PTas compared to bacterial and mammalian systems. Protein yield and post-translational modifications are the major roadblocks that can be overcome byhigh expression strategies includes over expression constructs, suitable plant host systems and glycoengineering of proteins. The inherent ability of ideally producing safe, functional protein is the most striking phenomenon recognized by the pharmaceutical industries and developed many therapeutic products within few weeks to meet escalating demands during pandemic/epidemic outbreaks recentl

Biology of fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) on artificial diets

Fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the important invasive pests causing economic losses to maize, sorghum and other millets. This study aims to develop suitable cost-effective crop based artificial diet for its rearing and evaluates the biology under laboratory conditions. Study revealed that the least life cycle period (egg to adult) was obtained with sorghum+ chickpea based diet (D1: 31-39 days) as compared to sorghum based diet(D2: 37-44 days) and maize+ chickpea based diet (D3: 40-48 days). Fully developed larvae measured longer, broader and heavier when reared on D1, also the fecundity was maximum. A cheap artificial diet to rear S. frugiperda is thus developed in this study

A flap graft technique for the reconstruction of extensor mechanism of the knee in a case of peri-articular synovial sarcoma managed by limb salvage

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumour arising from the primitive mesenchymal cells which has a delayed progression has a slow progression and often mis-diagnosed. A fifty-two years old female presented with complaint of swelling, pain and inability to move her left knee for three years duration. Presented with recurrence for which Wide excision of the tumour, with reconstruction of knee using custom mega-prosthesis and extensor mechanism reconstruction was done. Patient had a good functional outcome and no recurrence

Metabolite Profiling for Six 'B' Vitamins Using LC-MS in Tomato Genotypes at Different Stages of Fruit Maturity

Vitamins are essential nutrients in food crucial for maintaining good health. Tomato, being a widely consumed vegetable, provides a good quantity of vitamins. Metabolite profiling of vitamins at different stages of fruit maturity in a crop helps identify the right stage for better quality. Based on preliminary screening for quality parameters, tomato lines rich in TSS, antioxidants, lycopene and beta-carotene were selected for the present study. Eight genotypes and a wild species were profiled for 'B' vitamins at three different stages of fruit maturity, viz., green, breaker and ripe stage. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of six 'B' vitamins was developed and validated by us. Among the genotypes studied, IIHR-249-1 recorded higher niacin, pantothenic acid and biotin content. Pyridoxine content was higher in the hybrid, Arka Rakshak. The wild species, LA-1777(Solanum habrochaites) was found to be rich in pantothenic acid, riboflavin and thiamine. Content of most of the vitamins increased with ripening of the fruit. IIHR-249-1 and LA-1777 were found to be rich in 'B' vitamins, earlier reported to be also rich in antioxidants and lycopene. These genotypes can be used for improving the nutritive value of tomato under crop improvement programmes, through conventional breeding or biotechnological approaches

Antifungal mechanisms by which a novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenazine toxin kills Candida albicans in biofilms

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces several phenazines including the recently described 5-methyl-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5MPCA), which exhibits a novel antibiotic activity towards pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans . Here we characterize the unique antifungal mechanisms of 5MPCA using its analogue phenazine methosulphate (PMS). Like 5MPCA, PMS induced fungal red pigmentation and killing. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that PMS can be covalently modified by amino acids, a process that yields red derivatives. Furthermore, soluble proteins from C. albicans grown with either PMS or P. aeruginosa were also red and demonstrated absorbance and fluorescence spectra similar to that of PMS covalently linked to either amino acids or proteins in vitro , suggesting that 5MPCA modification by protein amine groups occurs in vivo . The red-pigmented C. albicans soluble proteins were reduced by NADH and spontaneously oxidized by oxygen, a reaction that likely generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additional evidence indicated that ROS generation precedes 5MPCA-induced fungal death. Reducing conditions greatly enhanced PMS uptake by C. albicans and killing. Since 5MPCA was more toxic than other phenazines that are not modified, such as pyocyanin, we propose that the covalent binding of 5MPCA promotes its accumulation in target cells and contributes to its antifungal activity in mixed-species biofilms.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79382/1/j.1365-2958.2010.07414.x.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79382/2/MMI_7414_sm_Figures_Table.pd