1,085 research outputs found
Arterial supply and venous drainage of the choroid plexus of the human lateral ventricle in the prenatal period as revealed by vascular corrosion casts and SEM
The topography of the arterial supply and venous drainage was visualised by
corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy in the human foetal
(20 weeks) choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. Although secondary villi were
not yet present at that developmental stage, the topography of the large arteries
and veins almost fully corresponded to that described in adult individuals. The
only major difference observed was a lack of the typical tortuosity of the lateral
branch of the anterior choroidal artery and of the superior choroidal vein, which
probably develops during further expansion of the vascular system associated
with the formation of secondary villi
The structure of acquired aural cholesteatoma as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
The structural features of cells, their surfaces and the extracellular matrix were
investigated in acquired aural cholesteatoma. Cholesteatomas surgically removed
from 30 patients were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The predominant part of a cholesteatoma was composed of stratified squamous
epithelium, showing extensive chaotic desquamation. The surface sculpture of
the keratinocytes and corneocytes varied from parallel ridges, irregular microplicae
and mirovilli, to flat grooves and pits and a completely smooth surface. Sheetlike
lamellar structures, probably representing an intercellular lipid-forming permeability
barrier, were also observed. Small crystals located in the perimatrix
were observed in one case.
According to the SEM observations, cholesteatoma epithelium is characterised
by abnormal and uncoordinated keratinisation, with a predominance of the
advanced stages of the process.
Folia Morphol 2008; 67: 8–12
The influence of distributed leadership on teachers' organizational commitment: a multilevel approach
In the present study the effects of a cooperative leadership team, distributed leadership, participative decision-making, and context variables on teachers' organizational commitment are investigated. Multilevel analyses on data from 1522 teachers indicated that 9% of the variance in teachers' organizational commitment is attributable to differences between schools. The analyses revealed that especially the presence of a cooperative leadership team and the amount of leadership support played a significantly positive key role in predicting teachers' organizational commitment. Also, participative decision-making and distribution of the supportive leadership function had a significant positive impact on teachers' organizational commitment. In contrast, distribution of the supervisory leadership function and teachers' job experience had a significant negative impact
Discretely guided electromagnetic effective medium
A material comprised of an array of subwavelength coaxial waveguides
decomposes incident electromagnetic waves into spatially discrete wave
components, propagates these components without frequency cut-off, and
reassembles them on the far side of the material. The propagation of these wave
components is fully controlled by the physical properties of the waveguides and
their geometrical distribution in the array. This allows for an exceptional
degree of control over the electromagnetic response of this effective medium,
with numerous potential applications. With the development of nanoscale
subwavelength coaxial waveguides, these applications (including metamaterial
functionality) can be enabled in the visible frequency range
The relation between school leadership from a distributed perspective and teachers' organizational commitment: examining the source of the leadership function
Purpose: In this study the relationship between school leadership and teachersâ organizational commitment is examined by taking into account a distributed leadership perspective. The relation between teachersâ organizational commitment and contextual variables of teachersâ perceptions of the quality and the source of the supportive and supervisory leadership function, participative decision making, and cooperation within the leadership team are examined. Research Design: A survey was set up involving 1,522 teachers from 46 large secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium). Because the data in the present study have an inherent hierarchical structure, that is, teachers are nested into schools, hierarchical linear modeling techniques are applied. Findings: The analyses reveal that 9% of the variance in teachersâ organizational commitment is attributable to differences between schools. Teachersâ organizational commitment is mainly related to quality of the supportive leadership, cooperation within the leadership team, and participative decision making. Who performed the supportive leadership function plays only a marginally significant positive role. The quality of the supervisory leadership function and the role of the leadership team members in this function were not significantly related to teachersâ organizational commitment. Conclusions: The implications of the findings are that to promote teachersâ organizational commitment teachers should feel supported by their leadership team and that this leadership team should be characterized by group cohesion, role clarity, and goal orientedness. Recommendations for further research are provided
The relationship between the perception of distributed leadership in secondary schools and teachers' and teacher leaders' job satisfaction and organizational commitment
This study investigates the relation between distributed leadership, the cohesion of the leadership team, participative decision-making, context variables, and the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of teachers and teacher leaders. A questionnaire was administered to teachers and teacher leaders (n=1770) from 46 large secondary schools. Multiple regression analyses and path analyses revealed that the study variables explained significant variance in organizational commitment. The degree of explained variance for job satisfaction was considerably lower compared to organizational commitment. Most striking was that the cohesion of the leadership team and the amount of leadership support was strongly related to organizational commitment, and indirectly to job satisfaction. Decentralization of leadership functions was weakly related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction
What Developers Want and Need from Program Analysis: An Empirical Study
Program Analysis has been a rich and fruitful field of research for many decades, and countless high quality program analysis tools have been produced by academia. Though there are some well-known examples of tools that have found their way into routine use by practitioners, a common challenge faced by researchers is knowing how to achieve broad and lasting adoption of their tools. In an effort to understand what makes a program analyzer most attractive to developers, we mounted a multi-method investigation at Microsoft. Through interviews and surveys of developers as well as analysis of defect data, we provide insight and answers to four high level research questions that can help researchers design program analyzers meeting the needs of software developers.
First, we explore what barriers hinder the adoption of program analyzers, like poorly expressed warning messages. Second, we shed light on what functionality developers want from analyzers, including the types of code issues that developers care about. Next, we answer what non-functional characteristics an analyzer should have to be widely used, how the analyzer should fit into the development process, and how its results should be reported. Finally, we investigate defects in one of Microsoft's flagship software services, to understand what types of code issues are most important to minimize, potentially through program analysis
An ellipsoidal mirror for focusing neutral atomic and molecular beams
Manipulation of atomic and molecular beams is essential to atom optics applications including atom lasers, atom lithography, atom interferometry and neutral atom microscopy. The manipulation of charge-neutral beams of limited polarizability, spin or excitation states remains problematic, but may be overcome by the development of novel diffractive or reflective optical elements. In this paper, we present the first experimental demonstration of atom focusing using an ellipsoidal mirror. The ellipsoidal mirror enables stigmatic off-axis focusing for the first time and we demonstrate focusing of a beam of neutral, ground-state helium atoms down to an approximately circular spot, (26.8±0.5) ÎŒmĂ(31.4±0.8) ÎŒm in size. The spot area is two orders of magnitude smaller than previous reflective focusing of atomic beams and is a critical milestone towards the construction of a high-intensity scanning helium microscope
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