EXPERIENCES OF DRUG USERS IN IIA CLASS JAIL YOGYAKARTA

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that about 149-272 million people or 3.3 % - 6.1 % of world population aged 15-64 years used drugs (even once) during their life time. This estimation will increase with time (BNN, 2011). The number of prisoners suffering HIV/AIDS in recent years were increasing as well if compared to its numbers in the year 2011 from 787 people to 1042 people. It was estimated that in the year 2015, the number of drug users in Indonesia would increase to 5.8 million people, since the number of drug users at the present time were reached 4 million people. For the time being, in Yogyakarta second A class drug jail , the number of drug users were 256 people; this number were constant; its mean that if there was prisoner got his / her freedom, another prisoner was incoming. Data from BNN in August 2013 years, 70% of 4 million drug users in Indonesia were workers (productive aged). Aim; To discovered population research experiences that cause them used drugs and depend on its. Research method: This was qualitative research with phenomenological approach. Data gathering technique were deep interview and FGD toward 30 respondents. Data were analyzed using reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The majority of respondents mentioned that they used drugs because of they wanted to know and the influence of friends. Drugs, kinds of sabu, used to increase energy and ganja were used to obtain peacefulness. Drugs users wanted to use its forever; therefore, they wanted to stop because of punishment to be in jail not because of the drugs had negative effects to the body. The majority of respondents mentioned that to stop using drugs must be self motivated; on the contrary, the obstacle to stop using drugs because of missing sensation to use it. They named it suggest. Using drugs were conducted by research population because of environmental influence, to increase energy and to obtain peacefulness. Keywords : The experiences of drug use

Use of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) in incompletely resected (R1) early stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A European survey conducted by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Young Oncologists Committee

BACKGROUND: Early stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is potentially curable with surgery. ESMO guidelines recommend cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for completely resected stage II-III NSCLC. There is limited evidence for the use of adjuvant CT and/or radiotherapy (RT) in incompletely resected (R1) early stage NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A European survey of thoracic oncologists was conducted to evaluate use of adjuvant CT and RT for R1-resected NSCLC and to identify factors influencing treatment decisions. Demographics and information on clinical stage, regimens, cycles planned, radiotherapy sites, multidisciplinary management and discussion about inconclusive evidence with the patient were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: 768 surveys were collected from 41 European countries. 82.9% of participants were medical oncologists; 49.3% ESMO members; 37.1% based in University Hospitals; 32.6% practicing oncology for over 15 years and 81.4% active in research. 91.4% of participants prescribed adjuvant CT and mostly cisplatin/vinorelbine (81.2%) or cisplatin/gemcitabine (42.9%). 85% discussed limited clinical evidence with the patient. In the univariate analysis, a statistically significant association with CT prescription was found for medical oncology specialty (p<0.001), ESMO membership (p<0.001), activity in clinical research (p=0.002) and increased frequency of ESMO guidelines consultation (p for trend <0.001). 48.3% of participants prescribed adjuvant RT and its prescription were associated with radiation oncology specialty (p<0.001), not being an ESMO member (p<0.001), years practicing specialty (p for trend=0.001), workload of lung cancer patients (p for trend=0.027) and decreased frequency in consulting ESMO guidelines (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, medical oncology and radiation oncology were the best discriminator for prescription of adjuvant CT and RT, respectively. CONCLUSION: This survey demonstrates that adjuvant CT and RT are commonly used in clinical practice for R1-resected NSCLC despite limited evidence. Prospective trials are necessary to clarify optimal management in this setting

Use of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) in incompletely resected (R1) early stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A European survey conducted by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Young Oncologists Committee

Background: Early stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is potentially curable with surgery. ESMO guidelines recommend cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for completely resected stage II-III NSCLC. There is limited evidence for the use of adjuvant CT and/or radiotherapy (RT) in incompletely resected (R1) early stage NSCLC. Materials and methods: A European survey of thoracic oncologists was conducted to evaluate use of adjuvant CT and RT for R1-resected NSCLC and to identify factors influencing treatment decisions. Demographics and information on clinical stage, regimens, cycles planned, radiotherapy sites, multidisciplinary management and discussion about inconclusive evidence with the patient were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: 768 surveys were collected from 41 European countries. 82.9% of participants were medical oncologists; 49.3% ESMO members; 37.1% based in University Hospitals; 32.6% practicing oncology for over 15 years and 81.4% active in research. 91.4% of participants prescribed adjuvant CT and mostly cisplatin/vinorelbine (81.2%) or cisplatin/gemcitabine (42.9%). 85% discussed limited clinical evidence with the patient. In the univariate analysis, a statistically significant association with CT prescription was found for medical oncology specialty (p&lt;. 0.001), ESMO membership (p&lt;. 0.001), activity in clinical research (p= 0.002) and increased frequency of ESMO guidelines consultation (p for trend &lt;0.001). 48.3% of participants prescribed adjuvant RT and its prescription were associated with radiation oncology specialty (p&lt;. 0.001), not being an ESMO member (p&lt;. 0.001), years practicing specialty (p for trend. = 0.001), workload of lung cancer patients (p for trend. = 0.027) and decreased frequency in consulting ESMO guidelines (p&lt;. 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, medical oncology and radiation oncology were the best discriminator for prescription of adjuvant CT and RT, respectively. Conclusion: This survey demonstrates that adjuvant CT and RT are commonly used in clinical practice for R1-resected NSCLC despite limited evidence. Prospective trials are necessary to clarify optimal management in this setting. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd