Ethyl 1,3,10,12-tetra­phenyl-19,20-dioxa­hexa­cyclo­[10.6.1.13,10.02,11.04,9.013,18]icosa-4(9),5,7,13(18),14,16-hexa­ene-2-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C45H34O4, is the product of a tandem ‘pincer’ Diels–Alder reaction consisting of two consecutive [4 + 2] cyclo­additions between two 2-benzofuran units and ethyl propiolate. The mol­ecule comprises a fused hexa­cyclic system containing four five-membered rings, which are in the usual envelope conformation, and two six-membered rings. In addition, four phenyl rings are attached to the hexa­cyclic system. The packing is stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Ethyl (Z)-2-(4-chloro­benzyl­idene)-3-oxobutano­ate

The C=C double-bond in the title compound, C13H13ClO3, has a Z configuration. The aliphatic substituents at one end of the double bond, i.e. the CH3CO– and C2H5O2C– groups, are aligned at 82.1 (3)° with respect to each other

Methyl 4,5-diacet­oxy-1-oxo-2-phenyl­perhydro-4,6-epoxy­cyclo­penta­[c]pyridine-7-carboxyl­ate ethanol solvate

The title compound, the product of an acid-catalysed Wagner–Meerwein skeletal rearrangement, crystallizes as an ethanol monosolvate, C20H21NO8·C2H6O. The title mol­ecule comprises a fused tricyclic system containing two five-membered rings (cyclo­pentane and tetra­hydro­furan) in the usual envelope conformations and one six-membered ring (piperidinone) adopting a flattened twist–boat conformation

Oxidative and antioxidative properties of medicinal flora of the Chechen Republic

The oxidative and antioxidative properties of medicinal infusions of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Wormwood (Artemísia absínthium) were studied on luminescent strains of Escherichia coli. The studied plants grow in the mountains of the Nozhai-Yurt and Shatoi regions of the Chechen Republic. Various concentrations of infusions showed a pronounced bactericidal effect. Wormwood suspension reduced the level of oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. Concentrations of chamomile (0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25 g/10 ml) together with hydrogen peroxide on the pKatG-lux strain increased oxidative stress within acceptable limits. However, all concentrations of chamomile had an antioxidant effect

4a-Hy­droxy-3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-9-[6-(3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-1,8-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octa­hydro-1H-xanthen-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-deca­hydro-1H-xanthene-1,8-dione ethanol hemisolvate hemihydrate

The pyridine ring in the title compound, C39H47NO7·0.5C2H5OH·0.5 H2O, is connected to one 3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-1,8-dioxoxanthenyl and one 4a-hy­droxy-3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-1,8-dioxodeca­hydroxanthenyl substituent in the 2- and 6-positions of the ring. In the former substituent, the six-membered xanthenyl ring adopts a flattened envelope conformation (with the methine C atom as the flap) while in the latter, the six-membered xanthenyl ring adopts a twisted envelope conformation (with the C atom bearing the hy­droxy group representing the flap). The hy­droxy H atom forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the pyridyl N atom. An ethanol solvent mol­ecule is disordered with respect to a water mol­ecule in a 1:1 ratio. The water mol­ecule itself is disordered over two positions of equal occupancy

10-(2-Hy­droxy­eth­yl)-9-(2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)-3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-deca­hydro­acridine-1,8-dione

The dihydro­pyridine ring in the title compound, C25H31NO4, adopts an envelope conformation with the methine C atom representing the flap. The cyclo­hexenone rings also adopt envelope conformations with the C atoms bearing the methyl C atoms representing the flaps. The phenolic hy­droxy group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to one of the two keto O atoms. The hy­droxy group of the N-bonded alkyl chain forms an inter­molecular hydrogen bond to the other keto O atom of an adjacent mol­ecule. The latter hydrogen bond leads to the formation of a helical chain running along the b axis

Anthropological methods of formation of university students’ spiritual and moral culture

© 2016 Kurbanov et al.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the increasing complexity of life activity in modern society, which results in distortion of the moral and value criteria and norms. The purpose of the article is to reveal anthropological methods of formation of university students’ spiritual and moral culture. The leading approach to the study is the anthropological approach allowing us to consider the spiritual and moral culture as an evolving set of moral and valuable position and special knowledge. The study involves 300 teachers, 500 students who have identified performance criteria of methods of formation of spiritual and moral culture. The main results of the study are to identify knowledge, motivation, activity-related methods of formation of spiritual and moral culture to ensure the inclusion in the content of education of teaching material about value relations, mandatory forms of culture; conjugation of ethical and professional standards of behavior on the basis of a single criterion of “ethical - unethical” development of students’ capacity for moral target setting. The significance of these results is that the identified methods involve the willingness of teachers to dialogue, respect and understanding of students, building a living knowledge in the course of joint creative activities directed to sense and life creation; determine the development of civil harmony on the spiritual and moral values

К решению экологических вопросов энергетических систем

The paper analyses a possibility to minimize damage due to operation of power systems using fossil fuels. Technological schemes of purification processes ensuring efficient  solution of  the ecological problem, particularly, in the case of power station operating on natural gas and fuel oil  are proposed in the paper. The paper contains an analysis of the mechanism in respect of processes occurring in the proposed methods for gas and liquid purification against detrimental impurities. Проанализированы возможности сведения к минимуму ущерба, возникающего в результате работающих на ископаемом топливе энергетических систем. Предложены технологические схемы очистительных процессов, обеспечивающих эффективное решение экологической проблемы, в частности в случае электрической станции, работающей на природном газе и мазуте. Проанализирован механизм процессов, происходящих в предложенных методах очистки газов и жидкостей от вредных примесей

Role of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in Mediating Hypertension in Response to Chronic Renal Medullary Endothelin Type B Receptor Blockade

BACKGROUND: The renal medullary endothelin (ET-1) system plays an important role in the control of sodium excretion and arterial pressure (AP) through the activation of renal medullary ET-B receptors. We have previously shown that blockade of endothelin type B receptors (ET-B) leads to salt-sensitive hypertension through mechanisms that are not fully understood. One possible mechanism is through a reduction in renal medullary production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). 20-HETE, a metabolite of arachidonic acid, has natriuretic properties similar to ET-B activation. While these findings suggest a possible interaction between ET-B receptor activation and 20-HETE production, it is unknown whether blockade of medullary ET-B receptors in rats maintained on a high sodium intake leads to reductions in 20-HETE production. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The effect of increasing sodium intake from low (NS = .8%) to high (HS = 8%) on renal medullary production of 20-HETE in the presence and absence of renal medullary ET-B receptor antagonism was examined. Renal medullary blockade of ET-B receptors resulted in salt sensitive hypertension. In control rats, blood pressure rose from 112.8±2.4 mmHg (NS) to 120.7±9.3 mmHg (HS). In contrast, when treated with an ET-B receptor blocker, blood pressure was significantly elevated from 123.7±3.2 (NS) to 164.2±7.1 (HS). Furthermore, increasing sodium intake was associated with elevated medullary 20-HETE (5.6±.8 in NS vs. 14.3±3.7 pg/mg in HS), an effect that was completely abolished by renal medullary ET-B receptor blockade (4.9±.8 for NS and 4.5±.6 pg/mg for HS). Finally, the hypertensive response to intramedullary ET-B receptor blockade was blunted in rats pretreated with a specific 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that increases in renal medullary production of 20-HETE associated with elevating salt intake may be, in part, due to ET-B receptor activation within the renal medulla