Diesel engine performance and emission study using soybean biodiesel blends with fossil diesel

Biodiesel is an ecofriendly and renewable source of energy which can be used as a sustainable alternative fuel fordiesel engine. The study investigated engine performance and emission using soybean biodiesel blends with fossildiesel. The physio-chemical fuel properties of the biodiesel were determined using ASTM and EN standards. Thebiodiesel was blended in different proportions like 5% biodiesel and 95% diesel (by volume) denoted as B5, similarlyB10, B20 and B50. The biodiesel blends were tested in a multicylinder, diesel engine coupled with electromagneticdynamometer, under ISO 8178-4 test procedure. The study found that the biodiesel blends produces less brakepower, brake torque and relatively higher brake specific fuel consumption compared with diesel fuel. However, thesefules significantly reduces exhaust gases namely, CO, CO2 and HC but emits a bit more NOx compared with diesel.The reduction in emissions were different for each biodiesel blends. The study concluded that both B5 and B10blends are the optimum blends that produce more consistant and expected results compared with other blends

Reaction hijacking of tyrosine tRNA synthetase as a new whole-of-life-cycle antimalarial strategy

Aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) are attractive drug targets, and we present class I and II aaRSs as previously unrecognized targets for adenosine 5'-monophosphate-mimicking nucleoside sulfamates. The target enzyme catalyzes the formation of an inhibitory amino acid-sulfamate conjugate through a reaction-hijacking mechanism. We identified adenosine 5'-sulfamate as a broad-specificity compound that hijacks a range of aaRSs and ML901 as a specific reagent a specific reagent that hijacks a single aaRS in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, namely tyrosine RS (PfYRS). ML901 exerts whole-life-cycle-killing activity with low nanomolar potency and single-dose efficacy in a mouse model of malaria. X-ray crystallographic studies of plasmodium and human YRSs reveal differential flexibility of a loop over the catalytic site that underpins differential susceptibility to reaction hijacking by ML901