Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) System for Ancient Documentary Artefacts

This tutorial summarises our uses of reflectance transformation imaging in archaeological contexts. It introduces the UK AHRC funded project reflectance Transformation Imaging for Anciant Documentary Artefacts and demonstrates imaging methodologies

FERTILIZER DEMAND FUNCTIONS FOR SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS APPLIED TO THREE MAJOR U.S. CROPS

Several past studies used time series data to estimate price elasticities of demand for fertilizer or nutrient use on all crops in the United States or by region. In this study, demand functions for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium applied per acre of corn, wheat and soybeans in the United States were estimated, using a combination of autoregressive least squares and seemingly unrelated regression techniques. The results suggest that the demands for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium applied to corn are price elastic, while similar responses for wheat and soybeans are price inelastic. Nitrogen and phosphorous applied per acre of corn were found to be positively related to government sponsored acreage diversion. The estimated elasticities could provide policymakers with insight for developing fertilizer and crop policies.Crop Production/Industries,

Effects of temperature on the biology of the northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis, in the Gulf of Maine

Length-frequency data collected from inshore and offshore locations in the Gulf of Maine in 1966-1968 indicated that ovigerous female northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) first appeared offshore in August and September and migrated inshore in the fall and winter. Once eggs hatched, surviving females returned offshore. Juveniles and males migrated offshore during their first two years of life. Sex transition occurred in both inshore and oll'shore waters, but most males changed sex offshore during their third and fourth years. Most shrimp changed sex and matured as females for the first time in their fourth year. Smaller females and females exposed to colder bottom temperatures spawned first. The incidence of egg parasitism peaked in January and was higher for shrimp exposed to warmer bottom temperatures. Accelerated growth at higher temperatures appeared to result in earlier or more rapid sex transition. Males and non-ovigerous females were observed to make diurnal vertical migrations, but were not found in near- surface waters where the temperature exceeded 6°C. Ovigerous females fed more heavily on benthic molluscs in inshore waters in the winter, presumably because the egg masses they were carrying prevented them from migrating vertically at night. Northern shrimp were more abundant in the southwestern region of the Gulf of Maine where bottom temperatures remain low throughout the year. Bottom trawl catch rates were highest in Jeffreys Basin where bottom temperatures were lower than at any other sampling location. Catch rates throughout the study area were inversely related to bottom temperature and reached a maximum at 3°C. An increase of 40% in fecundity between 1973 and 1979 was associated with a decline of 2-3°C in April-July offshore bottom temperatures. Furthermore, a decrease in mean fecundity per 25 mm female between 1965 and 1970 was linearly related to reduced landings between 1969 and 1974. It is hypothesized that temperature-induced changes in fecundity and, possibly, in the extent of egg mortality due to parasitism, may provide a mechanism which could partially account for changes in the size of the Gulf of Maine northern shrimp population during the last thirty years. (PDF file contains 28 pages.

Finite element thermo-viscoplastic analysis of aerospace structures

The time-dependent thermo-viscoplastic response of aerospace structures subjected to intense aerothermal loads is predicted using the finite-element method. The finite-element analysis uses the Bodner-Partom unified viscoplastic constitutive relations to determine rate-dependent nonlinear material behavior. The methodology is verified by comparison with experimental data and other numerical results for a uniaxially-loaded bar. The method is then used (1) to predict the structural response of a rectangular plate subjected to line heating along a centerline, and (2) to predict the thermal-structural response of a convectively-cooled engine cowl leading edge subjected to aerodynamic shock-shock interference heating. Compared to linear elastic analysis, the viscoplastic analysis results in lower peak stresses and regions of plastic deformations

Exemptions of Remainder Interests in the Inheritance Tax Statute of the State of Washington

Three recent cases involving the application of the inheritance tax statute of the State of Washington have raised some problems which should receive immediate attention. The statute provides three different schedules of rates, the schedule applicable to any gift being determined by the relationship of the beneficiary to the deceased. Class A includes any devise, bequest, legacy, gift or beneficial interest to any property or income therefrom which shall pass to or for the use or benefit of any grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, husband, wife, child or stepchild, or any lineal descendant of the deceased. The schedule of rates for class A provides for a tax of 1 per cent on amounts from $10,000 to$25,000; of 2 per cent on amounts from $25,000 to$50,000, and of higher rates for larger amounts. Class B includes gifts to a brother or sister. The schedule of rates for class B begins with a tax of 3 per cent on amounts from $1,000 to$5,000, 4 per cent on amounts from $5,000 to$10,000, and continues at an increasing rate for larger amounts. Class C includes gifts to all others. The schedule of rates for class C begins with a tax of 10 per cent on all amounts up to $10,000, 15 per cent on amounts from$10,000 to $25,000, and continues at an increasing rate for larger amounts. The classification set up by the statute is inclusive in that it covers all possible gifts to all persons. The statute provides for appraisement of property subject to the tax and particularly for the manner of determining the value of gifts of life estates, estates for a term of years, and remainders

A Comparison of Three Teaching Procedures Used in The Development of Improving Intonation in Clarinet Performance

This study assessed the relative efficiency of three teaching procedures used in the development of improving intonation in clarinet performance. The three treatment procedures used included the Beat Method, the C. G. Conn Stroboscope and Johnson Intonation Trainer. During the six weeks study, all ~s participated in two forty-five minute lessons per week. Intonation procedures were studied for fifteen minutes each lesson while other playing problems were discussed for the remaining time. Instruction time totaled nine hours per group. All Ss continued class work with their school music teacher. The experimental design also included a No Contact Control Group which received no special instruction during the six weeks. Standardized tests using specific items and methods needed for this study were not available. This necessitated the construction of tests by the writer (Appendix A, Band C). A Test Reliability GroupE (N = 15), took the test twice with ten days between testing periods. Other schools were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups, (a) No Cor;tact Control Group A (N = 12), (b) Beat Method Group B (N = 15), (c) C. G. Conn Stroboscope Group C (N = 12 ) , and (d) Johnson Intonation Trainer Group D (N = 15). All groups participated in a pretest and posttest. The Johnson Intonation Trainer was used to produce a constant pitch while the C. G. Conn Stroboscope measured the degree of out-of-tuneness during testing procedures. Instructions for the test were read to minimize variation. The test orientation consisted of three parts (a) Identification of Beats (A p p e n d i X A) \u27 ( b ) p i t c h Memo r y u~ p p e n d i X B ) \u27 ( c) Tu n i n g t 0 s e 1 e c t e d Pitches while playing the clarinet (Appendix G). The analysis of variance was used to compute the data. Ss were unable to tune to specified pitches without practicing systematic procedures on how to accomplish this task. Subjects were unable to change pitches more than .05 of a semitone in the pretest. Tuning to Specified Pitches. After treatment, the ability to change pitches up to .25 of a semi tone was accomplished. Clarinet players, considered technically less proficient by their teachers, also accomplished matching pitches on the pretest as accurately as advanced players. This study strongly confirms the thesis that students can learn to play 1n tune through using 11systematic procedures11 with the cooperative. efforts of teachers . It is also concluded that the procedures used in the 11Beat Method11 are significantly better than other procedures tested

FERTILIZER DEMAND FUNCTIONS FOR FIVE CROPS IN THE UNITED STATES

Crop Production/Industries,

Contractor point of view for system development and test program

Industry's practice of testing space qualified hardware is examined. An overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS) Test Program is discussed from the component level to the sub-system compatibility tests with the space vehicle and finally to the launch site tests, all related to the Rubidium clock