The correlation of Singh index and cortical thickness index toward bone mineral density in women older than 60 years old with femoral neck fracture

Background: Femoral neck fracture is one of the most common fractures in elderly. Proximal femur fracture in elderly patients is considered a severe morbidity which has a negative impact on the life expectancy and quality of life. Aim of this study was to find the correlation of cortical thickness index (CTI) and SI toward bone density (BMD) in female patients over 60 years of age with femoral neck fracture.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. Subjects were selected from Sanglah general hospital outpatient department, Denpasar, Bali during the period October 2020 to January 2021 by inclusion requirements and then randomized into two groups. Data were taken through history taking, physical examination as well as supporting investigations such as contralateral hip joint radiograph and BMD measurements. Statistical analysis was done from those data.Results: It has been obtained that there was a positive correlation of Singh index (SI) and CTI toward BMD. The correlation coefficient (r) between SI and BMD was 0.874 (p=0.000). The r between CTI and BMD was 0.854 (p=0.000). Both variables were significant.Conclusions: There were significantly strong correlations between SI and BMD (r=0.874, p=0.00), also CTI and BMD (r=0.854, p=0.00) in female patients over 60 years of age with femoral neck fracture

Impact of cropland management on invertebrate richness and abundance in agroforestry systems in Bali, Indonesia

The intensive management of cropland refers to a reduction in habitat complexity (i.e., shade tree cover, tree species richness, crop species richness) to gain more profits. This usually entails a decrease in biodiversity, but agroforestry systems have been shown to provide a solution to the need for profits while maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. Invertebrates are important bioindicators since they are not just affected by a decrease in habitat complexity; they are also key for the maintenance of ecosystems given their ecological roles. We aimed to understand how agricultural intensification impacted invertebrate abundance and richness in an agroforestry system in Bali, Indonesia. We set up 53 × 25 m2 plots and collected data via pitfall and pan traps. We linked those data to vegetation data (canopy cover, tree species richness, crop species richness), habitat type (rustic vs. polyculture), and productivity. Overall, we found that the abundance and richness of invertebrate taxa were positively influenced by increasing canopy cover and crop and tree species richness. This supports the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis, which indicates that increased habitat complexity promotes higher invertebrate species richness and abundance. The abundance and richness of certain invertebrate taxa, including agents of biocontrol, were shown to increase in plots with higher yields, thus solidifying the important role of invertebrate communities in the provision of ecosystem services. Harvesting crops from complex agroforestry systems ensures a sustainable income for local communities as well as habitats for invertebrates

Financialization in Commodity Markets: Disentangling the Crisis from the Style Effect

In this paper, we show that large inflows into commodity investments, a recent phenomenon known as financialization, has changed the behavior and dependence structure between commodities and the general stock market. The common perception is that the increase in comovements is the result of distressed investors selling both assets during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. We show that financial distress alone cannot explain the size and persistence of comovements. Instead, we argue that commodities have become an investment style for institutional investors. Given that institutional investors continue to target funds into commodities, we predict spillovers between commodities and the stock market to remain high in the future

Diisribusi Frekuensi Teknik Odontektomi Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Impaksi Molar Ketiga Rahang Bawah yang Dilakukan Mahasiswa Kepaniteraan Klinik Bedah Mulut Rsgm Fkg Updm (B)

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine distribution frequency odontectomy based on classification third molar mandibular impaction with only remove bone retention or use separation technique. This research was conducted in the Teeth and Mouth Dentistry Hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). The results showed the prevalence of odontectomy with the technique of removing only bone retention was 173 cases (50.58%) for odontectomy with separation technique was 169 cases (49.41%).  The technique with only removing bone retention was found to be more common in class 1 is 94 cases (54.33%), position A is 146 cases (84.39%), mesioangular angulation is 117 cases (67.63%) and minimal difficulty (3-4) is 118  cases (68.20%).  Odontectomy using separation technique was more common in class 2 cases as many as 89 cases (52.66%), position A is 130 cases (76.92%), mesioangular angulation is 114 cases (67.45%) and minimal difficulty level (3-4) is 105 cases (  62.13%). This study found that root configuration influences the choice of odontectomy technique but further research is needed. Keywords: Odontectomy, Third Molar Mandible Impaction, Student  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi teknik odontektomi berdasarkan klasifikasi impaksi molar ketiga rahang bawah dengan hanya membuang retensi tulang maupun menggunakan teknik separasi. Penelitian  dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi odontektomi dengan teknik hanya membuang retensi tulang sebanyak 173 kasus (50.58%) untuk odontektomi dengan teknik separasi sebanyak 169 kasus (49.41%). Teknik dengan hanya membuang retensi tulang ditemukan lebih banyak pada kelas 1 sebanyak 94 kasus (54.33%), posisi A sebanyak 146 kasus (84.39%), angulasi mesioangular sebanyak 117 kasus (67.63%) dan tingkat kesulitan minimal (3-4) sebanyak 118 kasus (68.20%). Odontektomi menggunakan teknik separasi lebih banyak pada kasus kelas 2 sebanyak 89 kasus (52.66%), posisi A sebanyak 130 kasus (76.92%), angulasi mesioangular sebanyak 114 kasus (67.45%) dan tingkat kesulitan minimal (3-4) sebanyak 105 kasus (62.13%). Penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa konfigurasi akar mempengaruhi pemilihan teknik odontektomi namun dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata Kunci: Odontektomi, Gigi Molar Ketiga Rahang Bawah, Mahasisw

Persistent headache in a postpartum patient: the investigation and management

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of obstetric regional anaesthesia and the most likely cause of headache in a woman who underwent epidural anaesthesia during delivery. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon cause of postpartum headache. Anaesthesia in obstetrics may lead to long-lasting intracranial hypotension resulting in CVST. CVST is a serious pathology with high mortality if misdiagnosed, but its correct and rapid diagnosis offers the opportunity for early treatment. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality in the diagnosis of both CVST and intracranial hypotension. The latter condition may be treated either by an epidural blood patch or bed rest and hydration. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who developed CVST and multiple venous infarcts after an attempted epidural procedure during delivery. She was treated conservatively with bed rest, hydration and low-molecular-weight heparin and the patient recovered completely

Small colorectal liver metastases: Detection with SPIO-enhanced MRI in comparison with gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI and CT imaging

The aim of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic role of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus gadobenate dimeglumine (GbD)-enhanced MRI and computed tomography (CT) investigations for detection of small (less than 1 cm) colorectal liver metastases (LMs) of colorectal cancer. Seventy-eight LMs in 16 patients were evaluated with dynamic CT imaging, GbD-enhanced dynamic MR imaging and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. Two radiologists were reviewed the LMs seperately. Agreement between the readers and three algorithms was analyzed. Differences between the lesion detection ratios of the methods were analyzed by two proportion z test. Sensitivity values of each modality were also calculated. Interobserver agreement values with kappa analysis were found to be the best for three modalities and kappa values were 0.866, 0.843, and 1.0 respectively. For all 78 LMs, SPIO-enhanced MRI detected all lesions (100% sensitivity). This sensitivity value was higher than GbD-enhanced MRI, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05). GbD-enhanced MRI depicted 71 lesions and this modality could not detected 7 lesions (91% sensitivity). This modality had moderate sensitivity, and this value is greater than CT imaging, so there was a significant difference also (p < 0.05). Dynamic triphasic CT imaging detected 64 (R1) and 65 (R2) LMs. This modality had the lowest sensitivity (R1: 0.82, R2: 0.83 respectively). Only SPIO-enhanced MRI was able to detect all LMs less than 1 cm. LMs were the best detected with SPIO-enhanced MRI. We recommend SPIO-enhanced MRI to be the primary alternative modality especially for diagnosis of small colorectal LMs. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

MRCP vs ERCP in the evaluation of biliary pathologies: Review of current literature

Objective: Recently developed magnetic resonance (MR) techniques permit fast and correct imaging of the entire biliary tree with a high spatial resolution. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic potential of one of these new MR sequences in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) procedure and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with review of current literatures. Methods: A total of 295 patients were enrolled in this study prospectively. Of these, 11 were excluded from the study due to inadequate MRCP image quality and 15 more were excluded due to unsuccessful cannulation during ERCP. Thus, finally 269 patients (124 men and 145 women with a mean age of 57 years; range: 23-92 years) were included. The MRCP procedure was performed before the ERCP in all cases. All MRCP studies were performed with recently developed new MR technique using a heavily T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence. This TSE sequence is currently one of the most widely used multiplanar 3-D MR technique, having a high spatial resolution and fast imaging capacity. Results: The study participants were classified into four main groups; normal into group I, stone disease into group II, tumor into group III and others into group IV. Group I consisted of 228 patients who had a normal pancreaticobiliary tree on both the MRCP and ERCP examinations. In group II there were 18 patients, for whom the MRCP had a 88.9% sensitivity and a 100% specificity for diagnosing biliary stone disease. Its positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy rates were 100%, 99.2% and 99.2%, respectively. The MRCP had a 100% sensitivity and a 100% specificity for 20 patients in group III. It also had 100% PPV, 100% NPV, and 100% total accuracy rates in this group. In three patients in group IV, the MRCP had a 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Its PPV, NPV and accuracy were 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: MRCP is used with increasing frequency as a non-invasive alternative to ERCP and the diagnostic results of MRCP with a heavily T2-weighted TSE MR sequence and ERCP are comparable with high accuracy in various hepatobiliary pathologies. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd