3,196 research outputs found
A Superfield for Every Dash-Chromotopology
The recent classification scheme of so-called adinkraic off-shell
supermultiplets of N-extended worldline supersymmetry without central charges
finds a combinatorial explosion. Completing our earlier efforts, we now
complete the constructive proof that all of these trillions or more of
supermultiplets have a superfield representation. While different as
superfields and supermultiplets, these are still super-differentially related
to a much more modest number of minimal supermultiplets, which we construct
herein.Comment: 13 pages, integrated illustration
The People Versus Corporate Welfare: North Carolina\u27s Forsaken Opportunity to Reverse Perversion of the Commerce Clause and to Reinvigorate the Public Purpose Doctrine
This Article neither espouses judicial intervention in any political controversy nor offers broad and sweeping constitutional theories. Instead, this Article is calculated to recognize the efforts of taxpayers who have resorted to the very constitutional rights afforded to them as citizens and taxpayers to challenge governmental acts which are repugnant to the very foundations of our society and to encourage the judiciary to fulfill its duty to reject legislation which is contrary to the state or federal constitution. As the North Carolina Supreme Court stated in the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Maxwell case: The principle of equal rights to all, and special privileges to none, is fundamental . . . This Article first addresses briefly the appropriateness of judicial review of taxpayer challenges to corporate welfare packages in Part I, analyzes the Commerce Clause flaws in targeted tax incentives packages in Part II, and discusses one state\u27s declaration of the constitutional infirmity of corporate welfare in Part III
The People Versus Corporate Welfare: North Carolina\u27s Forsaken Opportunity to Reverse Perversion of the Commerce Clause and to Reinvigorate the Public Purpose Doctrine
This Article neither espouses judicial intervention in any political controversy nor offers broad and sweeping constitutional theories. Instead, this Article is calculated to recognize the efforts of taxpayers who have resorted to the very constitutional rights afforded to them as citizens and taxpayers to challenge governmental acts which are repugnant to the very foundations of our society and to encourage the judiciary to fulfill its duty to reject legislation which is contrary to the state or federal constitution. As the North Carolina Supreme Court stated in the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Maxwell case: The principle of equal rights to all, and special privileges to none, is fundamental . . . This Article first addresses briefly the appropriateness of judicial review of taxpayer challenges to corporate welfare packages in Part I, analyzes the Commerce Clause flaws in targeted tax incentives packages in Part II, and discusses one state\u27s declaration of the constitutional infirmity of corporate welfare in Part III
Reflection Symmetries for Multiqubit Density Operators
For multiqubit density operators in a suitable tensorial basis, we show that
a number of nonunitary operations used in the detection and synthesis of
entanglement are classifiable as reflection symmetries, i.e., orientation
changing rotations. While one-qubit reflections correspond to antiunitary
symmetries, as is known for example from the partial transposition criterion,
reflections on the joint density of two or more qubits are not accounted for by
the Wigner Theorem and are well-posed only for sufficiently mixed states. One
example of such nonlocal reflections is the unconditional NOT operation on a
multiparty density, i.e., an operation yelding another density and such that
the sum of the two is the identity operator. This nonphysical operation is
admissible only for sufficiently mixed states.Comment: 9 page
Evaluation of Risk Perception of Smoking after the Implementation of California’s Tobacco 21 Law
Decreasing smoking initiation remains a public health priority. In 2016, California, in the United States, enacted the Tobacco 21 law, which raised the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco products from age 18 to age 21. This paper evaluates whether the enactment and implementation of the Tobacco 21 law changed how young adults perceive the risk(s) of smoking. Data were drawn from a cohort of emerging adults (n = 575) in California who were non-daily smokers at enrollment and followed quarterly for 3 years. Data were collected during 2015–2019. Piecewise multilevel regression models were used to test for changes in smoking status and perceived risks of cigarettes after Tobacco 21 enforcement began. Findings indicated that the prevalence of current smoking and perceived risks of smoking both declined following Tobacco 21 implementation (ps \u3c 0.001). Post-hoc analyses suggested that post-implementation changes in perceived risk occurred primarily among ongoing smokers. Findings suggest that Tobacco 21 and associated public health measures have been effective, but additional research is needed to disentangle the effects of specific components. Understanding the impact and efficacy of tobacco laws provides great social value to research and implement policies that create intervention(s) on reducing tobacco use initiation
Food Labeling and Consumer Associations with Health, Safety, and Environment
The food supply is complicated and consumers are increasingly calling for labeling on food to be more informative. In particular, consumers are asking for the labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMO) food based on health, safety and environmental concerns. At issue is whether the labels that are sought would accurately provide the information desired. The present study examined consumer (n = 181) perceptions of health, safety and the environment for foods labeled organic, natural, fat free or low fat, GMO, or non-GMO. Findings indicated that respondents consistently believed that foods labeled GMO are less healthy, safe and environmentally-friendly compared to all other labels (ps \u3c .05). These results suggest that labels mean something to consumers, but that a disconnect may exist between the meaning associated with the label and the scientific consensus for GMO food. These findings may provide insight for the development of labels that provide information that consumers seek
Early Dark Energy Cosmologies
We propose a novel parameterization of the dark energy density. It is
particularly well suited to describe a non-negligible contribution of dark
energy at early times and contains only three parameters, which are all
physically meaningful: the fractional dark energy density today, the equation
of state today and the fractional dark energy density at early times. As we
parameterize Omega_d(a) directly instead of the equation of state, we can give
analytic expressions for the Hubble parameter, the conformal horizon today and
at last scattering, the sound horizon at last scattering, the acoustic scale as
well as the luminosity distance. For an equation of state today w_0 < -1, our
model crosses the cosmological constant boundary. We perform numerical studies
to constrain the parameters of our model by using Cosmic Microwave Background,
Large Scale Structure and Supernovae Ia data. At 95% confidence, we find that
the fractional dark energy density at early times Omega_early < 0.06. This
bound tightens considerably to Omega_early < 0.04 when the latest Boomerang
data is included. We find that both the gold sample of Riess et. al. and the
SNLS data by Astier et. al. when combined with CMB and LSS data mildly prefer
w_0 < -1, but are well compatible with a cosmological constant.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; references added, matches published versio
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