Infrastructure and Enrolment of Scheduled Tribe Students in India

This paper examines the school infrastructure and student enrolment among the tribal community in India. Data from the UDISE+ Reports of the Government of India for 2012-13 to 2020-21 was used for the analysis. Tribal welfare schools in the country increased between 2012-13 and 2014-15 before declining. In tribal welfare schools, water access has improved, although many schools still lack drinking water and handwash facilities. One-fifth of tribal welfare schools do not have restrooms, which infers open defecation practices. Other facilities, such as the library, playground, electricity, and computers, are unavailable to all the tribal welfare schools. However, meager school improvements, enrolment, and infrastructure have been witnessed since 2019. Given this, it is critical to stress that an increasing number of schools with good infrastructure would encourage the tribal students' enrollment. Therefore, equity and high-quality education for all citizens can aid in a country's pursuit of sustainable growth

Non-Alignment in a Changing Global System

With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970\u27s and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980\u27s. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal\u27s and Dr. Singh\u27s papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980\u27 s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim\u27s paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970\u27s and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa\u27s non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980\u27s and the prospects for the future.https://fount.aucegypt.edu/faculty_book_chapters/1878/thumbnail.jp

Mycorrhizal Dependency in Certain Indian Cotton Cultivars

Mycorrhizal dependencies of ten cotton cultivars were evaluated in the green houseusing completely randomized block design model. Acid-delinted seeds were sown inpolybags containing natural black soil. Plant growth, nutrient content and mycorrhizalcolonization levels were studied. Cotton cultivars exhibited mycorrhizal colonizationranging from 36.52 to 73.5 %. Plant dry weight and tissue Nitrogen content were positivelycorrelated whereas tissue Potassium was not correlated with the mycorrhization. Rootdiameter, number of root hairs and root length were varied among the cultivars. Rootdiameter was highest in the cultivar NHH 44, whereas root hair number was more in Suvin.Root hair length was maximum in the cultivar Suvin. Mycorrhizal dependency wasnegatively correlated with root hair number and root hair length. Maximum mycorrhizaldependency was exhibited by the cultivar Surya. The results showed the existence of strongmycorrhizal dependency in the cotton cultivars

Acylation and alkylation of 1, 3-dimethoxybenzene in polyphosphoric acid

Products of the reaction of 3-halo- and 3-ethoxypropionic acids with 1,3-dimethoxybenzene (4) in polyphosphoric acid have been shown to be 2',4'-dimethoxy-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propiophenone (6) and 1,5-bis[3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-keto-propyl]-2,4-dimethoxybenzene (15) and these have been prepared by unambiguous syntheses. 2',4'-Dimethoxy-3-ethoxypropiophenone (3a) and 2',3,4'- trimethoxypropiophenone (3d) have been synthesized by the reaction of 3-chloro-2',4'-dimethoxypropiophenone (3c) with ethanol and methanol respectively

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Flow Through a Turbine Vane Cascade .

Present day military aero-gas turbines demand higher stage loadings for turbines so as to meet the growing for higher thrust/power with fuel consumption. This calls for improved methods of blade element profiles. Details of a computer code developed for the design of blade elements for the prescribed distribution of surface velocity (Mach number) based on Stanitz's inverse methods are presented in this paper. Effects of boundary layer growth on the blade surface has also been incorporated in this code. Turbine vane was designed making use of this program and a four-bladed cascade was fabricated. It was tested in a blow down wind tunnel for different blowing pressures and stagger angles. Mach number distribution was determined from measured static pressure on the suction and pressure surfaces of the blade. Based on stream filament technique a computer code was developed to predict the characteristics of flow thorough a blade cascade. Results of this study show reasonable agreement between experimentally obtained Mach number distribution and the initially prescribed as well as analytically predicted Mach number distributions

Biochemical changes in cotton plants by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal colonization

Biochemical changes in ten cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. Merr. ) in relation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization was studied.  Proteins, sugars, amino acids and phenols in both leaves and roots were quantified and compared with the mycorrhization levels of the cultivars. Cultivars showed varying levels of mycorrization which correlated with the biochemical levels of the plants. It is concluded that cultivars which are more mycorrhizal do show increased levels of phenols and proteins which in turn help them to resist pathogenesis