Acclimation to warm temperatures modulates lactate and malate dehydrogenase isozymes in juvenile Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther)

Differential expression of isozymes enables fish to tolerate temperature fluctuations in their environment. The present study explores the modulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (sMDH) isozyme expression in the heart, muscle, brain, liver, gill, and kidney of juvenile Horabagrus brachysoma after 30 days of acclimation at 26, 31, 33, and 36°C. LDH and sMDH zymography were performed using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The zymography revealed five distinct bands of LDH isoenzymes (labelled from cathode to anode as LDH-A4, LDH-A3B1, LDH-A2B2, LDH-A1B3, and LDH-B4) and three distinct bands of sMDH isoenzymes (labelled from cathode to anode as sMDH-A2, sMDH-AB, and sMDH-B2), with considerable variation in their expression in the tissues. Acclimation to the test temperatures did not influence the expression patterns of LDH or sMDH isozymes. Densitometric analysis of individual isozyme bands revealed a reduction in the densities of bands containing the LDH-B and sMDH-B molecules, while the densities of bands containing the LDH-A and sMDH-A molecules increased in the gills and muscle, indicating the role of these organs in adaptive responses to thermal acclimation. However, the total densities of the LDH and sMDH isozymes increased with higher acclimation temperatures, indicating that adaptation to increased temperatures in H. brachysoma is primarily characterised by quantitative changes in isozyme expression

Pipelining in multi-query optimization

AbstractDatabase systems frequently have to execute a set of related queries, which share several common subexpressions. Multi-query optimization exploits this, by finding evaluation plans that share common results. Current approaches to multi-query optimization assume that common subexpressions are materialized. Significant performance benefits can be had if common subexpressions are pipelined to their uses, without being materialized. However, plans with pipelining may not always be realizable with limited buffer space, as we show. We present a general model for schedules with pipelining, and present a necessary and sufficient condition for determining validity of a schedule under our model. We show that finding a valid schedule with minimum cost is NP-hard. We present a greedy heuristic for finding good schedules. Finally, we present a performance study that shows the benefit of our algorithms on batches of queries from the TPCD benchmark

Data driven Xpath generation

The XPath query language offers a standard for information extraction from HTML documents. Therefore, the DOM tree represen- tation is typically used, which models the hierarchical structure of the document. One of the key aspects of HTML is the separation of data and the structure that is used to represent it. A consequence thereof is that data extraction algorithms usually fail to identify data if the structure of a document is changed. In this paper, it is investigated how a set of tab- ular oriented XPath queries can be adapted in such a way it deals with modifications in the DOM tree of an HTML document. The basic idea is hereby that if data has already been extracted in the past, it could be used to reconstruct XPath queries that retrieve the data from a different DOM tree. Experimental results show the accuracy of our method

Stigma receptivity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

Seeds of a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line ICPA 2039 and its maintainer were sown during the rainy season of 2006 inside an insect-proof nylon cage in a field in Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. To study the stigma receptivity, hand pollinations were carried out on male-sterile plants using pollen of the maintainer line at different stages of flower bud growth of female parent. These materials and methods not only excluded the need of emasculation for controlled pollinations but also avoided chances of accidental self- or cross-pollination. Results revealed that the stigma of ICPA 2039 remained receptive for a total of approximately 120 h, starting at 48 h before flower opening and continued until 72 h thereafter. However, a considerable variation in pod set was observed in different days during this period. To optimize pod set in Patancheru environments, pollinations should be initiated a day before flower opening and continued for 3 days

Fertility restoration in cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile lines derived from 3 wild relatives of pigeonpea

Three cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile (CMS) lines, one each derived from Cajanus sericeus (A1 cytoplasm), Cajanus scarabaeoides (A2 cytoplasm), and Cajanus cajanifolius (A4 cytoplasm), were crossed to 7 pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars in a line tester mating scheme to study the fertility restoration of the CMS lines. Twenty-one F1 hybrid combinations were planted in unreplicated 3-row plots in 3 environments. There was no effect of environments on the expression of fertility restoration. Pigeonpea cultivar ICPL 129-3 restored fertility in A1 cytoplasm and maintained male sterility in the other 2 (A2 and A4) cytoplasms. Among crosses involving CMS line (of A4 cytoplasm) ICPA 2039 one hybrid combination was male-sterile and another male fertile. The remaining 5 combinations segregated for male-fertility (66–84% fertility restoration). Such testers can easily be purified for use in hybrid breeding programs by selfing and single-plant selection for 2–3 generations

Cytogenetic studies in A4 cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility system of pigeonpea

Efforts were made to study icrosporogenesis and genetics of fertility restoration of A4 cytoplasmic-nuclear malesterility (CMS)system in pigeonpea. The process of microsporogenesis in the male-sterile (ICPA 2039) and its maintainer (ICPB 2039) plants was normal up to the tetrad formation stage. The tapetal cells in the male-sterile anthers degenerated soon after tetrad formation, resulting in shriveled and degenerated microspores. In the maintainer plants, the tapetal cells were normal and microspores were functional. The breakdown of the tapetum before the completion of microsporogenesis was the major cause for the expression of male sterility in A4 CMS system. The studies on the inheritance of fertility restoration showed that in 3 crosses, a single dominant gene; in 1 cross, 2 duplicate genes; and in another cross, 2 complimentary genes governed the fertility restoration

Tissue engineering scaffold material with enhanced cell adhesion and angiogenesis from soy protein isolate loaded with bio modulated micro-TiO2 prepared via prolonged sonication for wound healing applications

Tissue engineering is a technique that promotes healing by creating an ideal environment for endogenous cells to migrate and grow into the site of injury via a scaffold, improving regeneration and reducing the time required for in vitro cell culture. In this work, the effect of the addition of sonicated TiO2 in the soy protein isolate (SPI) matrix for tissue engineering applications was studied. In comparison to adding expensive nano TiO2, this method of incorporating sonicated TiO2 into the SPI matrix will aid in achieving improved properties at a lower cost. The effect of the addition of sonicated TiO2 on the morphological, UV transmittance, mechanical, thermal, surface energy, and hydrophilicity of SPI films was investigated. The result shows that the uniformly distributed TiO2 particles successfully blocked 95% of UV light. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant reduction in the TiO2 agglomerate size and homogeneous distribution of the same when sonication was applied instead of mechanical dispersion. A simultaneous increase of tensile strength (from 3.16 to 4.58 MPa) and elongation at break values (from 24.25% to 95.31%) with 0.5% TiO2 was observed. The addition of 0.25% TiO2 was found to significantly enhance the elongation at break value to 120.83%. Incorporation of micro-TiO2 particles could improve the surface roughness, surface energy, and wettability of SPI films. In vitro cell adhesion studies and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies were performed to assess the cell growth and angiogenesis of the developed film membranes. An MTT assay showed that SPI-1%TiO2 film favored cell viability up to 118%, and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies showed enhanced cell growth and angiogenesis for SPI-1% TiO2 films. This SPI-TiO2 film with enhanced surface properties can be used as an ideal candidate for tissue engineering applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of Cytoplasmic–Nuclear Male Sterility, Its Inheritance, and Potential Use in Hybrid Pigeonpea Breeding

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a unique food legume because of its partial (20–30%) outcrossing nature, which provides an opportunity to breed commercial hybrids. To achieve this, it is essential to have a stable male-sterility system. This paper reports the selection of a cytoplasmic–nuclear male-sterility (CMS) system derived from an interspecific cross between a wild relative of pigeonpea (Cajanus sericeus Benth. ex. Bak.) and a cultivar. This male-sterility source was used to breed agronomically superior CMS lines in early (ICPA 2068), medium (ICPA 2032), and late (ICPA 2030) maturity durations. Twentythree fertility restorers and 30 male-sterility maintainers were selected to develop genetically diverse hybrid combinations. Histological studies revealed that vacuolation of growing tetrads and persistence of tetrad wall were primary causes of the manifestation of male sterility. Genetic studies showed that 2 dominant genes, of which one had inhibitory gene action, controlled fertility restoration in the hybrids. The experimental hybrids such as TK 030003 and TK 030009 in early, ICPH 2307 and TK 030625 in medium, and TK 030861 and TK 030851 in late maturity groups exhibited 30–88% standard heterosis in multilocation trials