Marine Resources: The Presentation of a Business Plan

The once questionable technology of hatchery production has become routine and, with the recent development of up-welling techniques, is more effective and efficient. The supply of natural shellfish and fishery stocks is on the decline and this trend is expected to continue. Aquaculture has been the solution to this problem in many European countries and the United States is currently attempting to remove domestic obstacles through its National Aquaculture Plan. The proprietor has experience in the production of various marine invertebrates and has designed, built and operated a producing shellfish hatchery. By using a unique up-welling juvenile culture system a greater production capacity hopes to be realized for less expense

A Retro Development in Education: Evaluating the Feasibility of Integrating Place-Based Education into Mississippi Curriculum Standards

This thesis evaluates the feasibility of integrating place-based environmental education activities from Think Green, Take Action: Books and Activities for Kids into the Mississippi Department of Education’s (MDE) Frameworks for Science and Social Studies for K-5. As children develop and experience the world, their ability to understand and interpret the surrounding environments expand; however, Mississippi schools are not focused on experiential environmental education, even though experiencing and understanding the surrounding environment is vital in fostering eagerness to learn. Due to a growing disconnect between humans and the natural world, this thesis examined 37 place- and environment-based activities for children, sixteen of which were outdoors. By pairing the activities with MDE Science and Social Studies learning objectives for K-5, percentages were calculated for each of the 37 activities as they related to the number of objectives met to the maximum possible number of objectives for each activity, grade, and content strand. Activities obtaining a score of 50% or more were then examined using various developmental appropriateness metrics to determine best practices. The thesis also determines that while it is clear many of the activities from Think Green, Take Action are applicable to the MDE learning objectives, only 10 activities actually use the natural world as a context for learning. Thus, even though many of the activities can be used to achieve the MDE learning objectives, more pedagogies centered around learning in and about the local place are essential to not only a healthy human development, but in fostering ecologically-conscious attitudes and behaviors towards the natural world

Regeneration Response to Salvage Logging Following Tornado Disturbance

In an era of increasing natural disturbances, successful tree regeneration has grown more difficult to achieve. Salvage logging, a common management response to disturbance, may further impede regeneration success, although published literature currently remains inconclusive. In 2013, a rare tornado in northcentral Maine, USA, and subsequent salvage operation created three clear ‘treatments’ for evaluation of post-disturbance regeneration: blowdown, blowdown followed by salvage logging and an undisturbed control. In the summers of 2022 and 2023, (nine and ten) years post-tornado, we revisited this site to examine regeneration outcomes. During the summer of 2022, we evaluated stand structure and regeneration success of the sapling layer. Our objectives focused on understanding (1) how salvage logging alters regeneration abundance and species composition of woody species and (2) whether the greater abundance of coarse woody material (CWM) remaining in the blowdown restricts moose browse through a natural ‘exclosure effect’. We inventoried tree regeneration within these treatments to evaluate differences in sapling abundance, species composition, size structure, and browsing intensity. In addition, we inventoried CWM, including the height above forest floor. Results revealed significant differences in sapling composition and browsing intensity among treatments with the salvage treatment containing the highest proportion of browsed saplings. Binomial generalized linear models revealed that browsing probability was a function of mean CWM height and an interaction between sapling density and proportion of sapling hardwoods. Thus, browsing damage was less likely in plots with greater CWM heights and more likely in plots with greater sapling density and more hardwood saplings. During the summer of 2023, we revisited these stands to understand treatment effects on understory plant communities and microclimates. Our objectives explore (1) understory community differences among undisturbed, blowdown and salvage conditions, (2) relationships between conifer sapling abundance and early successional, recalcitrant species, and (3) relationships between microclimate factors and understory communities. We inventoried understory vegetation, took hemispherical photographs to characterize canopy openness and installed sensors to track temperature and soil moisture throughout the growing season. Results indicate distinct understory community differences among each of the treatments, with the salvage treatment supporting a higher richness and abundance of early successional, shade intolerant taxa, while the blowdown and control treatments were characterized by later successional, shade tolerant taxa. Abundance of conifer regeneration was notably lower in plots with high abundance of Rubus idaeus or Pteridium aquilinum. Ordination results suggest that canopy openness and surface temperature fluctuations were the primary factors associated with these compositional differences. This study furthers our understanding of ecosystem recovery following the successive disturbances of blowdown and salvage logging. Results suggest that salvage logging created important differences in CWM abundance and height distribution, when compared to un-salvaged areas, and that these differences in turn altered sapling size structure and browsing intensity. Further, distinct differences in species ordination and microclimate results suggest salvage logging may create conditions more favorable to shade-intolerant, recalcitrant understory vegetation. Together, these findings highlight the potential long-term effects of successive disturbances and provide forest managers insight on possible post-disturbance conditions

Commensal observing with the Allen Telescope array: software command and control

The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) is a Large-Number-Small-Diameter radio telescope array currently with 42 individual antennas and 5 independent back-end science systems (2 imaging FX correlators and 3 time domain beam formers) located at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory (HCRO). The goal of the ATA is to run multiple back-ends simultaneously, supporting multiple science projects commensally. The primary software control systems are based on a combination of Java, JRuby and Ruby on Rails. The primary control API is simplified to provide easy integration with new back-end systems while the lower layers of the software stack are handled by a master observing system. Scheduling observations for the ATA is based on finding a union between the science needs of multiple projects and automatically determining an efficient path to operating the various sub-components to meet those needs. When completed, the ATA is expected to be a world-class radio telescope, combining dedicated SETI projects with numerous radio astronomy science projects.Comment: SPIE Conference Proceedings, Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy, Nicole M. Radziwill; Alan Bridger, Editors, 77400Z, Vol 774

Toward Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Outreach and Engagement in Extension Education: Expert Consensus on Barriers and Strategies

Barriers to the successful implementation of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education and outreach initiatives are being documented across higher education institutions as DEI policies and protocols are gaining attention. Despite growing attention to promote DEI in higher education institutions, there remains a need to examine barriers preventing DEI efforts in a systematic way, particularly in Extension education contexts to formulate strategies to promote DEI. We present an expert, consensus-based framework to identify the most salient barriers to successful DEI implementation in Extension. We also discuss opportunities for Extension practitioners to overcome salient barriers with tailored mitigation strategies

Recent Advancements and Remaining Challenges Associated With Inner Magnetosphere Cross‐Energy/Population Interactions (IMCEPI)

The geospace inner magnetosphere, within about 10 Earth radii, contains various plasma populations with energy from a few electron volts to megaelectron volts and plays important roles in regulating the energy density of the magnetosphere, the magnetic field configuration, and wave dynamics. As an integrated part of the magnetosphere, the inner magnetosphere region also ties to other regions and can change the global geospace circulation. Therefore, understanding both internal and external cross‐energy/population interactions can help further our knowledge of the inner magnetosphere dynamics and nonlinear feedback processes. In view of this, in the past 5 years (2014–2018), the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Focus Group “inner magnetosphere cross‐energy/population interactions (IMCEPI)” has gathered and boosted community‐wide interactions among observation, simulation, and modeling studies. This commentary reports some major accomplishments of the interactive inner magnetosphere community that were advanced by the IMCEPI Focus Group discussions and layouts remaining challenges that need to be carried on.Key PointsAdvancements on first‐principle ring current models, new empirical models on IM fields/waves/plasma and application of innovative techniquesAdvanced knowledge of IM characteristics, e.g., compositions, fields, coupling with ionosphere/tail region, and wave particle interactionsChallenges remain in numerical representation of IM and its linkage with other related areas; validation needed across various IM modelsPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148385/1/jgra54772_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148385/2/jgra54772.pd

Different Forms of Vanadate on Sugar Transport in Insulin Target and Nontarget Cells

The effects of several vanadates (ie, orthovanadate, pervanadate, and two stable peroxovanadium compounds) on basal and insulin-stimulated 2-DG transport in insulin target and nontarget cell lines are reported, herein. In nontarget cells, exposure to vanadates (5 × 10(−6) to 10(−4) mol/L) resulted in 2-DG transport stimulatory responses similar to those observed in 2-DG transport post exposure to 667 nmol/L insulin alone, or insulin in combination with vanadates. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, exposure to a vanadate compound or 67 nmol/L insulin, stimulated 2-DG transport dramatically. Again, this effect on stimulated transport was similar to 2-DG transport post-treatment with the effective vanadates in combination with insulin. While pervanadate or stable peroxovanadates stimulated 2-DG transport at 10(−5) to 10(−6) mol/L, orthovanadate up to 10(−4) mol/L was not effective in stimulating 2-DG transport in any of the cell lines tested. The data indicate that the various peroxovanadates are clearly superior insulin mimetics while a more limited insulin mimesis is observed with orthovanadate over a wide variety of cell types