Genetic diversity analysis of the medicinal herb Plantago ovata (Forsk.)

Plantago ovata (Forsk.) (2n = 8) used as laxative, emollient and demulcent, has great commercial and medicinal importance. With India being the largest producer in the world there is still a lack of defined varieties of the species and no coordinated breeding efforts are being made. In the present study, we report the phylogenetic analysis of the crop for its utilization in future breeding programs for defining varieties of the crop. A total of 302 clear and reproducible bands were obtained with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques involving 35 random primers in 18 selected lines, out of which 198 (65.5%) were polymorphic with an average 8.6 bands per primer. Amplified DNA fragments ranged from 300 to 3400 bp. Dissimilarity indices based on Nei and Li equation ranged from 0.07 to 0.29 indicating moderate level of genetic polymorphism. Hierarchical cluster analysis using SPSS method showed genetic variation amongst genotypes dividing them into three major clusters comprising 10, seven and one genotypes, respectively. The result of present study indicates that RAPD analysis has determined the genetic relationships and estimated the genetic diversity among the genotypes of P. ovata. Key words: Plantago ovata (Forsk.), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, Nei and Li equation, genetic diversity

Genetic diversity analysis of the medicinal herb Plantago ovata (Forsk.)

Plantago ovata (Forsk.) (2n = 8) used as laxative, emollient and demulcent, has great commercial and medicinal importance. With India being the largest producer in the world there is still a lack of defined varieties of the species and no coordinated breeding efforts are being made. In the present study, we report the phylogenetic analysis of the crop for its utilization in future breeding programs for defining varieties of the crop. A total of 302 clear and reproducible bands were obtained with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques involving 35 random primers in 18 selected lines, out of which 198 (65.5%) were polymorphic with an average 8.6 bands per primer. Amplified DNA fragments ranged from 300 to 3400 bp. Dissimilarity indices based on Nei and Li equation ranged from 0.07 to 0.29 indicating moderate level of genetic polymorphism. Hierarchical cluster analysis using SPSS method showed genetic variation amongst genotypes dividing them into three major clusters comprising 10, seven and one genotypes, respectively. The result of present study indicates that RAPD analysis has determined the genetic relationships and estimated the genetic diversity among the genotypes of P. ovata.Key words: Plantago ovata (Forsk.), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, Nei and Li equation, genetic diversity

Molecular tagging of gene conferring leaf blight resistance using micro satellites in sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench]

462-466Resistance to leaf blight in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] accession G-118 was found to segregate as a single dominant trait in a cross to susceptible cultivar, HC- 136. Molecular marker(s) linked to the locus for disease resistance was identified using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers coupled with bulk segregant analysis. Genomic DNA from the parental cultivars and bulks were screened by PCR amplification with 50 simple sequence repeat primer pairs. Out of these, 38 SSR primers produced polymorphism between parents. After screening of these 38 SSRs with resistant and susceptible bulk, one SSR primer, Xtxp 309 produced a unique band of approximately 700 bp only in resistant parent and resistant bulk and a unique band of 450 bp only in susceptible parent and susceptible bulk. Upon screening with individual resistant and susceptible recombinant inbred lines (RILs), marker Xtxp 309 produced amplification in 23 of the 26 resistant RILs and no amplification was produced in any of the 25 susceptible RILs. The same marker Xtxp 309 produced amplification in 21 of the susceptible RILs and 3 of the resistant RILs of 450 bp band. This was found to be located at a distance of 3.12 cM away from the locus governing resistance to leaf blight which was considered to be closely linked and 7.95 cM away from the locus governing susceptibility to leaf blight. This marker may prove useful in MAS for gene introgression, plant genetic diagnostics and gene pyramiding for resistance via genetic transformation for disease resistance in plants

Evaluation of genetic diversity in <i style="">Jatropha curcas</i> L. using RAPD markers

50-57Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity in a representative population of Jatropha curcas L. from different eco-geographical regions of India. Out of 50 dacamer primers used, 44 yielded polymorphic banding pattern. A total of 328 DNA bands were obtained, of which 308 (93.90%) were polymorphic. The polymorphism was scored and used in band sharing analysis to identify genetic relationship. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped all the 40 genotypes into two major groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.54. Similarity indices ranged from 0.44 to 0.92 with an average of 0.73, indicating a moderate to high genetic variability among the genotypes. The highest similarity coefficient was detected between accessions JC-32 and JC-35 from Madhya Pradesh, and the lowest in accessions JC-9, JC-14 and JC-19 from Rajasthan (Pipalkhunt, Banswara), Punjab (Kandi area) and Haryana (Ladwa, Hisar), respectively. Also, the Jatropha populations from diverse agro-climatic regions were more dispersed on the principal coordinates plot, revealing a wide genetic base

Efficient Algorithms for Intrusion Detection

Detecting user to root attacks is an important intrusion detection task. This paper uses a mix of spectrum kernels and probabilistic suffix trees as a possible solution for detecting such intrusions efficiently. Experimental results on two real world datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the state of the art Fisher kernel based methods in terms of speed with no loss of accuracy

Assessment of genetic diversity in Azadirachta indica based on DNA fingerprinting

519-524RAPD molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity in populations of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) from different eco-geographical regions of India. Out of the 40 decamer primers used, 24 yielded polymorphic banding patterns. In total, 152 different DNA bands were reproducibly obtained, out of which 104 (68.4%) were polymorphic. The polymorphisms were scored and used in band-sharing analysis to identify genetic relationships. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped all the 36 populations into two major groups. Similarity indices ranged from 0.60 to 0.94. The highest similarity coefficient detected between candidate plus trees from Jodhpur and lowest in the populations of Kalka and Banaswara, indicated that neem germplasm within India constitutes considerably broad genetic base. Also, the neem populations from diverse agroclimatic regions of India were more dispersed on the principal coordinates plot, revealing a wide genetic base