Probing scattering phase shifts by attosecond streaking

Attosecond streaking is one of the most fundamental processes in attosecond science allowing for a mapping of temporal (i.e. phase) information on the energy domain. We show that on the single-particle level attosecond streaking time shifts contain spectral phase information associated with the Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith (EWS) time delay, provided the influence of the streaking infrared field is properly accounted for. While the streaking phase shifts for short-ranged potentials agree with the associated EWS delays, Coulomb potentials require special care. We show that the interaction between the outgoing electron and the combined Coulomb and IR laser fields lead to a streaking phase shift that can be described classically

The emergence of nalidixic acid resistant, multiresistant S. typhimurium DT104 in Denmark. An outbreak in humans traced back to pork

Infection with the zoonotic Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DTI04 has been recognised since the beginning of the 90\u27s as a health problem in several industrialised countries. The present investigation demonstrates that results of surveillance of Salmonella infection in food animals, food production and among humans enabled identification of an outbreak of human salmonellosis caused by a nalidixic acid resistant strain of S. typhimurium DTJ 04. The source of infection was traced back to a single slaughterhouse and two pig herds

Outbreak of Salmonella manhattan associated with a ready-to-eat pork product in Denmark in 1998

Salmonella Manhattan is rarely found in Denmark. Since 1980, only 0-3 human cases have been registered annually. However, in the first 4 weeks of 1998, 19 cases of this serotype were registered suggesting an outbreak. S. Manhattan isolates from 18 human cases were typed using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis. Twelve of these isolates were identical and 3 were closely related, whereas the remaining isolates from humans in 1997 were clearly different. This indicated an outbreak with a common source. Further typing of S. Manhattan isolates collected as a part of the routine surveillance of domestic animals and food suggested a link to pork. Of 17 isolates from broilers, pigs and imported poultry, 6 isolates from breeder pigs imported from an internationally operating pig-production company were indistinguishable from the outbreak strain, whereas the remaining were different. A matched case-control study of 16 cases and 45 controls was carried out. The results suggested that cured and smoked ready-to-eat fillet of pork was the most likely source. Ten of 16 cases had consumed this product within three days before onset of disease, compared with 4 of 45 matched controls (OR 17,

Bacteriological and serological characterisation of slaughter pigs from 25 serologically identified salmonella high risk herds

Danish finishing herds are routinely screened for antibodies to Salmonella in random samples of meat juice from slaughter pigs. The herds are categorized by the seroprevalence of samples from the preceding three months into three infection levels (1, 2 and 3). Herds are allocated to level 3 ( Salmonella high risk herds) at seroprevalences exceeding 33-50% depending on herd size (larger herds lower limit) (Mousing et al., in press)

An outbreak of salmonellosis in Denmark caused by pork from a single slaughterhouse

Due to a rise in the endemic level of Salmonella Typhimurium infections in humans in Funen county, an outbreak of this serotype was discovered in the first week of September 1996. During the outbreak period (28 August - 14 October 1996) approximately 170 culture confirmed cases were registered at Statens Serum Institut. Almost all isolates were of phage type 12, which is frequently found in pork in Denmark - about 60% of S. Typhimurium isolates from pork are of DT 12 (Anon., 1997)

PathOrganic – Risks and Recommendations Regarding Human Pathogens in Organic Vegetable Production Chains

PathOrganic assesses risks associated with the consumption of fresh and minimally processed vegetables due to the prevalence of bacterial human pathogens in plant produce. The project evaluates whether organic production poses a risk on food safety, taking into consideration sources of pathogen transmission (e.g. animal manure). The project also explores whether organic versus conventional production practices may reduce the risk of pathogen manifestation. In Europe, vegetable-linked outbreaks are not well investigated. A conceptual model together with novel sampling strategies and specifically adjusted methods provides the basis for large-scale surveys of organically grown plant produce in five European countries. Critical control points are determined and evaluated and factors contributing to a food safety problem are analyzed in greenhouse and field experiments. The project aims at developing a quantitative risk assessment model and at formulating recommendations for improving food safety in organic vegetable production

ExperimentaF8tud~ of the interaction between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Oesophagostomum spp.

The aim of this study has been to investigate the possible interaction between infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Oesophagostomum spp. In an experimental set-up, groups of 10 pigs were infected with A) a mixture of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum; B) O. dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum and S. Typhimurium, and C) S. Typhimurium only. Our study suggests that Oesophagostomum spp. infection in pigs provides the basis for a prolonged and intensified S. Typhimurium infection. Both levels and number of S. Typhimurium excreting pigs per day were significantly higher in the group with both Oesophagostomum spp. and S. Typhimurium infection compared to the group infected with S. Typhimurium only. Post mortem examinations paralleled these findings and demonstrated higher occurrence ofS. Typhimurium in pigs with concurrent parasite infection compared to pigs infected with S. Typhimurium only. An effect of the S. Typhimurium infection on the Oesophagostomum infection was not observed

The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

The restrictions on the use of antibiotic and anthelmintic treatments in organic pig farming necessitate alternative non-medical control strategies. Therefore, the antibiotic and parasite-reducing effect of a fructan-rich (prebiotic) diet of dried chicory was investigated in free-ranging piglets. Approximately half of 67 piglets from 9 litters were experimentally infected with Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis in the suckling period (1 to 7 weeks of age) and 58 of the piglets were challenged daily with E. coli O138:F8 for 9 days after weaning to induce weaning diarrhoea. The litters were fed either chicory (30% DM) or a control diet. The effect of chicory on intestinal helminths, intestinal microbiota, especially Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter spp., and E. coli post-weaning diarrhoea was assessed. The weight gain of the piglets was not impaired significantly by chicory. The intestinal A. suum worm burden was reduced by 64% (P=0.034) in the chicory-fed piglets, whereas these same piglets had 63% more T. suis worms (P=0.016). Feeding with chicory elicited no changes among the main bacterial groups in ileum according to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. However, the terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) 208 bp, which may belong to Lachnospiraceae, was stimulated by the chicory feed (P=0.03), and T-RF 370 bp that matches Enterobacter belonging to the Enterobacteria was reduced (P=0.004). Additionally, chicory increased the level of Bifidobacteria (P=0.001) and the faecal Campylobacter excretion level was transitorily reduced in chicory-fed piglets at 7 weeks of age (P=0.029). Unfortunately, it was not possible to assess the effect of chicory on post-weaning diarrhoea as it did not develop. In conclusion, feeding piglets chicory around the time of weaning caused complex changes of the microbiota and parasite communities within the intestinal tract, and feeding piglets chicory may therefore serve as an animal-friendly strategy to control pathogens