The Effect of US Energy Policy and Farm Program Payments on the Bio-Fuel Sector: A Regime-Switching Approach

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

NEXT YEAR ON THE U.S. FARMLAND MARKET: AN INFORMATIONAL APPROACH

This paper formulates an information measure for changes in asset values and applies the formulation to farmland values in the United States for 1960-99. The results indicate that changes in asset values contained significant information following the Russian wheat sale in the early 1970s and the financial crisis in agriculture in the mid 1980s. Further, information about preceding year's asset value largely explains the regional distribution of current year's farmland values.Land Economics/Use,

Video data compression using artificial neural network differential vector quantization

An artificial neural network vector quantizer is developed for use in data compression applications such as Digital Video. Differential Vector Quantization is used to preserve edge features, and a new adaptive algorithm, known as Frequency-Sensitive Competitive Learning, is used to develop the vector quantizer codebook. To develop real time performance, a custom Very Large Scale Integration Application Specific Integrated Circuit (VLSI ASIC) is being developed to realize the associative memory functions needed in the vector quantization algorithm. By using vector quantization, the need for Huffman coding can be eliminated, resulting in superior performance against channel bit errors than methods that use variable length codes

THE MEASUREMENT OF INEQUALITY IN CANADIAN AND U.S. AGRICULTURAL INCOME BY COMPONENTS OF NET VALUE ADDED

This paper examines changes in net value added generated through Canadian and U.S. farm production, 1970-2000. We consider how the structural changes in Canadian and U.S. agriculture have affected the size and distribution of net value added and its components: rent, capital, labor, and to net farm income. We use the Theil Measure of Inequality (TMI) to compare and explain changes in 1) the between and within-region distribution of net value added, and 2) changes in the distribution of factor shares of net value added in Canada and in the U.S. Results show that in Canada (1960-2000), net value added has become somewhat more equally distributed relative to the number of farms per province, but has varied widely from 1972-1988. Between-region inequality in net value added accounted for from 0.5 to 85.5 percent of this inequality from 1960-2000. In the U.S. (1949-2000), net value added has become more unequally distributed. About half of the variation in net value added in the U.S. is due to between-region variation and about half to within-region variation in net value added. We find that most of the variation in the components of net value added (returns to capital, labor, nonoperator landlords, and to farm operators) in Canada and the United States is due to variations across regions, rather than to variations in the components of net value added themselves. These variations have generally been due to macroeconomic differences in regions, such as shifts in enterprise specialization, urbanization, changes in government programs, and to other structural changes in agriculture.Agricultural Finance,

Impact of Capital Gains and Urban Pressure on Farmland Values: A Spatial Correlation Analysis

Farmland is a major component of wealth in the farm sector as well as wealth of farm households. This study contributes to our knowledge of variations in farmland prices by examining the extent to which farmland values are spatially correlated and to what extent that this spatial correlation can be explained by income to farmland.land values, spatial correlation, Land Economics/Use,

RATES OF RETURN IN THE FARM AND NON-FARM SECTORS: A TIME SERIES COMPARISON

Financial Economics,

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF QUCERTIN

Objective: In the present study the antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effect of qucertin compound was assessed. Methods: The antioxidant potential of the drug was determined by ORAC assay and DPPH assay. Likewise for anti-inflammatory studies, RBC's were collected from healthy volunteers and the hemo protective activity of the drug was carried out at various concentrations. Results: The results showed that qucertin has a positive effect on both the parameters. The probable reasons governing the facts are discussed in the light of previous literature. Conclusion: The results show that qucertin seems to be a good replacement for chemical therapeutic drugs as it has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF VATA DOSHA IN SUSHRUTA SAMHITA

Ayurveda is the science of living beings which deal with maintenance of a healthy individual as well as removal of the diseases through which one can get the Sukha (happiness) and removal of Dukha (Miseries). There are three most auspicious books of Ayurveda or triad of Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita and Ashtanga hridaya jointly known as Brihattrayi. Sushruta samhita is written by Acharya sushruta (Vriddha sushruta). Sushruta has compiled and collected all the speech of lord Dhanvantari in a systematic form which became the famous book of Shalyatantra as a Sushruta samhita. Ayurveda stands on its own basic pillars and concepts regarding Doshas are one of them. Doshas are responsible for physiological actions in the body manifested as health and pathologically manifested as disease specially Vata dosha. Vatadoshas etymology has been described in two forms, aetiologies, separate group of diseases under Vatavyadhi, six stages of Kriyakala according to Vata dosha, characteristics of Vataprakritti etc. have been innumerated and analysis regarding Vata dosha in available Sushruta samhita has been presented in this paper

BIASED BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE U.S. FARM SECTOR: A STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

REGIONAL CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF NET VALUE ADDED IN U.S. AGRICULTURE, 1960-2002

This paper examines the effects of structural changes on the distribution of net value added and the difference between net value added and agricultural income over time. We present and discuss the changes in the distribution of net value added (land, labor, capital, and farm operator income) over time. Net value added by U.S. agriculture grew significantly from $18 billion to 1960 to$95 billion in 1996. We examine regional differences in net value added using the Theil entropy measure. The inequality (dispersion) of net value added increased over time. The increased inequality represented both increases in regional dispersion in net value added and increases in the average inequality in net value added in each region. Thus, the net value added is becoming less alike across the U.S. We also examined the inequality in the components of net value added. The greatest dispersion occurred in returns to land followed by returns to capital. Therefore, changes in the dispersion of net value added by agriculture are explained by differences in the payments to non-operator landlords and to capital.Agricultural Finance,