Investigating the effect of near infrared photo thermal therapy folic acid conjugated gold nano shell on melanoma cancer cell line A375

Nowadays, there is growing interest regarding the use of metal Nanoshells as targeted agents of Nano-photo thermal cancer therapy. This study was aimed at synthesis the folic acid (FA)-conjugated with silica @gold core-shell nanoparticles (FA-SiO2@AuNPs) for improving the treatment of melanoma cancer cells. The characterization data showed that the FA-SiO2@AuNPs is spherical in shape and its size is �73.7�nm. The intracellular uptake of FA-SiO2@AuNPs into melanoma cells (A375) was measured through the inductively coupled plasma, (�47.7). The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was investigated on A375 and HDF (Human dermal fibroblast) cell lines. Cytotoxicity results indicated that there is no significant cytotoxicity in HDF cell lines treated with nanoparticles. MTT and flow cytometry results showed that the viability of A375 cells treated by SiO2@Au and FA-SiO2@AuNPs was decreased significantly to about 31 and 16 respectively. The higher toxicity of cancer cells was obtained for the cells exposed to 808�nm near-infrared (NIR) laser after incubation with FA-SiO2@AuNPs rather than the non-targeted SiO2@AuNPs. Furthermore, about 64 more cell death was observed for A-375 cells using both photothermal therapy and treatment with FA-SiO2@AuNPs compared to photothermal therapy. Additionally, the majority of the cell deaths were related to the apoptosis process, not necrosis. It can be concluded that FA-SiO2@AuNPs was an effective targeting agent for photothermal therapy in the treatment of melanoma

Results from the Project 8 phase-1 cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy detector

The Project 8 collaboration seeks to measure the absolute neutrino mass scale by means of precision spectroscopy of the beta decay of tritium. Our technique, cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy, measures the frequency of the radiation emitted by electrons produced by decays in an ambient magnetic field. Because the cyclotron frequency is inversely proportional to the electron's Lorentz factor, this is also a measurement of the electron's energy. In order to demonstrate the viability of this technique, we have assembled and successfully operated a prototype system, which uses a rectangular waveguide to collect the cyclotron radiation from internal conversion electrons emitted from a gaseous $^{83m}$Kr source. Here we present the main design aspects of the first phase prototype, which was operated during parts of 2014 and 2015. We will also discuss the procedures used to analyze these data, along with the features which have been observed and the performance achieved to date.Comment: 3 pages; 2 figures; Proceedings of Neutrino 2016, XXVII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, 4-9 July 2016, London, U

Project 8 Phase III Design Concept

We present a working concept for Phase III of the Project 8 experiment, aiming to achieve a neutrino mass sensitivity of $2~\mathrm{eV}$ ($90~\%$ C.L.) using a large volume of molecular tritium and a phased antenna array. The detection system is discussed in detail.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of Neutrino 2016, XXVII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, 4-9 July 2016, London, U

Electrically conductive nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Patient deaths resulting from cardiovascular diseases are increasing across the globe, posing the greatest risk to patients in developed countries. Myocardial infarction, as a result of inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, results in irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes which can lead to heart failure. A sequela of myocardial infarction is scar formation that can alter the normal myocardial architecture and result in arrhythmias. Over the past decade, a myriad of tissue engineering approaches has been developed to fabricate engineered scaffolds for repairing cardiac tissue. This paper highlights the recent application of electrically conductive nanomaterials (carbon and gold-based nanomaterials, and electroactive polymers) to the development of scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Moreover, this work summarizes the effects of these nanomaterials on cardiac cell behavior such as proliferation and migration, as well as cardiomyogenic differentiation in stem cells

NIR triggered glycosylated gold nanoshell as a photothermal agent on melanoma cancer cells

Nowadays, gold nanoshells are used in targeted nano photothermal cancer therapy. This study surveyed the application of gold nanoshell (GNs) to thermal ablative therapy for melanoma cancer cells and it takes advantage of the near infrared absorption of gold nanoshells. The synthesis and characterization of glycosylated gold nanoshells (GGNs) were done. The cytotoxicity and photothermal effects of GNs on melanoma cells were evaluated using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The characterization data showed that GGNs are spherical, with a hydrodynamic size of 46.7 nm. Results suggest that the cellular uptake of GGNs was about 78. Viability assays showed no significant toxicity at low concentrations of GNs. The higher heating rate and toxicity of cancer cells were obtained for the cells exposed to 808 nm NIR laser after incubation with GGNs rather than the GNs. The viability of these cells has dramatically decreased by 29. Furthermore, 61 more cell lethality was achieved for A375 cells using combined photothermal therapy and treatment with GGNs in comparison to NIR radiation alone. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the synthesized gold/silica core-shell nanoparticles conjugated with glucosamine have high potentials to be considered as an efficient metal-nanoshell in the process of targeted cancer photothermal therapy. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

In vitro cytotoxicity of folate-silica-gold nanorods on mouse acute lymphoblastic leukemia and spermatogonial cells

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity of gold nanorods (GNRs) on the viability of spermatogonial cells (SSCs) and mouse acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (EL4s). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, SSCs were isolated from the neonate mice, following enzymatic digestion and differential plating. GNRs were synthesized, then modified by silica and finally conjugated with folic acid to form F-Si-GNRs. Different doses of F-Si-GNRs (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 140 μM) were used on SSCs and EL4s. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay was performed to examine the GNRs toxicity. Flow cytometry was used to confirm the identity of the EL4s and SSCs. Also, the identity and functionality of SSCs were determined by the expression of specific spermatogonial genes and transplantation into recipient testes. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using an annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) kit. Results: Flow cytometry showed that SSCs and EL4s were positive for Plzf and H-2kb, respectively. The viability percentage of SSCs and EL4s that were treated with 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 140 μM of F-Si-GNRs was 65.33 ± 3.51, 60 ± 3.6, 51.33 ± 3.51, 49 ± 3, 30.66 ± 2.08 and 16.33 ± 2.51 for SSCs and 57.66 ± 0.57, 54.66 ± 1.5, 39.66 ± 1.52, 12.33 ± 2.51, 10 ± 1 and 5.66 ± 1.15 for EL4s respectively. The results of the MTT assay indicated that 100 μM is the optimal dose to reach the highest and lowest level of cell death in EL4s and in SSCs, respectively. Conclusion: Cell death increased with increasing concentrations of F-Si-GNRs. Following utilization of F-Si-GNRs, there was a significant difference in the extent of apoptosis between cancer cells and SSCs. © 2019 Royan Institute (ACECR). All rights reserved

Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy signal classification with machine learning in project 8

The cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique pioneered by Project 8measures electromagnetic radiation fromindividual electrons gyrating in a backgroundmagnetic field to construct a highly precise energy spectrumfor beta decay studies and other applications. The detector,magnetic trap geometry and electron dynamics give rise to amultitude of complex electron signal structures which carry information about distinguishing physical traits.Withmachine learningmodels, we develop a scheme based on these traits to analyze and classifyCRES signals. Proper understanding and use of these traits will be instrumental to improve cyclotron frequency reconstruction and boost the potential of Project 8 to achieveworld-leading sensitivity on the tritiumendpointmeasurement in the future