Performance driven distributed scheduling of parallel hybrid computations

AbstractExascale computing is fast becoming a mainstream research area. In order to realize exascale performance, it is necessary to have efficient scheduling of large parallel computations with scalable performance on a large number of cores/processors. The scheduler needs to execute in a pure distributed and online fashion, should follow affinity inherent in the computation and must have low time and message complexity. Further, it should also avoid physical deadlocks due to bounded resources including space/memory per core. Simultaneous consideration of these factors makes affinity driven distributed scheduling particularly challenging. We attempt to address this challenge for hybrid parallel computations which contain tasks that have pre-specified affinity to a place and also tasks that can be mapped to any place in the system. Specifically, we address two scheduling problems of the type Pm|Mj,prec|Cmax. This paper presents online distributed scheduling algorithms for hybrid parallel computations assuming both unconstrained and bounded space per place. We also present the time and message complexity for distributed scheduling of hybrid computations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that distributed scheduling algorithms for hybrid parallel computations have been presented and analyzed for time and message bounds under both unconstrained space and bounded space

Peer-to-Peer Networks and Computation: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

This research papers examines the state-of-the-art in the area of P2P networks/computation. It attempts to identify the challenges that confront the community of P2P researchers and developers, which need to be addressed before the potential of P2P-based systems, can be effectively realized beyond content distribution and file-sharing applications to build real-world, intelligent and commercial software systems. Future perspectives and some thoughts on the evolution of P2P-based systems are also provided

A Nearly Tight Sum-of-Squares Lower Bound for the Planted Clique Problem

We prove that with high probability over the choice of a random graph $G$ from the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi distribution $G(n,1/2)$, the $n^{O(d)}$-time degree $d$ Sum-of-Squares semidefinite programming relaxation for the clique problem will give a value of at least $n^{1/2-c(d/\log n)^{1/2}}$ for some constant $c>0$. This yields a nearly tight $n^{1/2 - o(1)}$ bound on the value of this program for any degree $d = o(\log n)$. Moreover we introduce a new framework that we call \emph{pseudo-calibration} to construct Sum of Squares lower bounds. This framework is inspired by taking a computational analog of Bayesian probability theory. It yields a general recipe for constructing good pseudo-distributions (i.e., dual certificates for the Sum-of-Squares semidefinite program), and sheds further light on the ways in which this hierarchy differs from others.Comment: 55 page

Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device: knowledge and factors affecting acceptance among postpartum women at tertiary care hospital in North-Western Rajasthan

Background: Intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion recommended within 10 min of placental delivery or within 48 hours of delivery is called postpartum IUCD according to WHO. Aim of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting knowledge and the likely acceptance of the postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD).Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at S. P. Medical College and associated group of hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India from May 2020 to July 2020. Total 500 post-partum women were studied with the help of predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Knowledge of the women was summarized as proportion. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions and univariate analysis for the factors affecting knowledge and likely adoption of PPIUCD.Results: The 210 (42%) women out of 500 women had knowledge regarding PPIUCD. Multiparity (p=0.003), education above secondary level {OR=11.66 (95% CI=7.13-19.06), p=0.00}, upper middle and middle socioeconomic status {OR=6.77 (95% CI=4.44-10.16), p=0.00} and health worker counselling {OR=13.61(95% CI=8.78-21.10), p=0.00} were significantly associated with knowledge. Multiparous women (p=0.004), women who had discussed PPIUCD with their husband (p<0.0001), women with family support for their decision (p<0.00001), women without religious beliefs (p<0.0001) were more significantly associated with adoption of PPIUCD.Conclusions: The level of knowledge of our study population regarding PPIUCD is 42%. Our study has reported education and regular health care worker counselling as most important modifiable predictors to improve the knowledge regarding PPIUCD

Stabilization of anarobic digestor sludge through vermicomposting

In this study, efficiency of vermitechnology in stabilizing sludge without pre-treatment was studied. The sludge was directly introduced in the vermicomposting reactors after their withdrawal from the bio-methanation reactor installed for experimentation on domestic waste. One Liter (5% TS) sludge was loaded after every fourth day and it was discontinued after sixteen days. However, the chemical analysis of the compost was done till twentyfourth day. The present study also evaluated the potential of one indigenous Perionyx excavates (P.e.) and one exotic epigeic earthworm species Eisenia fetida (E.f). The results clearly elucidate that vermireactor with indigenous earthworms (P.e) gives over all comparable similar results with world wide known exotic species (E.f). The results of the study show a significant reduction in initial C/N ratio from an initial value of 19 to 9 for all reactors with earthworms, total organic matter (TOC) reduced by 50% and pH also reduced nearer to neutral, but increase in, total nitrogen (TN) 95%, NH4+-N reduced from 0.52% to 0.31% and NO3-N increased from 0 to 0.13%, total phosphorus (TP) increased from the initial concentration of 0.76% to 1.31%., However, removal efficiency of Fecal coliforms (indicator organism) in the prepared vermicompost through P.e and E.f was in the 6 log and 7 log (MPN/gm) respectively