Effect of interfascial pressure on block success during anterior quadratus lumborum block application: a prospective observational study

Background The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has recently been used frequently for postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pressure changes between the middle thoracolumbar fascia layers to which the anterior QLB (aQLB) is applied at the level of the sensory block. Methods A total of 67 patients planned to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated in the context of this prospective study. Bilateral aQLBs were administered to all patients, and a peripheral nerve block catheter was placed between the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles. The correlation of interfascial pressures (IFPs) during block application, 30 min intraoperatively, and 30 min postoperatively with the sensory block level was determined as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were the sensory block levels 30 min after block application and 30 min postoperatively; visual analog scale scores 30 min and 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively; and 24 h tramadol consumption. Results The preoperatively and intraoperatively measured IFPs differed significantly between the right and left sides (P < 0.05). The preoperative and postoperative block levels also differed significantly between the right and left sides (P < 0.05). The preoperative and postoperative block levels and preoperatively measured IFPs showed a weakly negative correlation (right: r = 0.374; left: r = 0.470). Conclusions The results of this study show that pressure changes between the fasciae may be effective in aQLB application

The Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus limon L. against Foodborne Pathogens and Its Anti-Oxidant and Antibiofilm Properties

The objective of this study is to develop a new and effective antibacterial agent against food pathogens that poses a major threat to human health and to investigate the antioxidant activity of this plant. Methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial potency. Eight different microorganisms were used in the study, one of which was yeast. These microorganisms are food pathogens. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed using a disc diffusion method. Another test for antimicrobial activity is the minimum inhibitory level. Antioxidant activity was conducted using 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). Citrus limon ethanol extract had a maximum inhibiting zone against Escherichia coli (12 mm). In the ABTS method, the highest scavenging activity was obtained from an ethanol extract (58.3 percent). The methanol extract (95.4%) led to the largest DPPH scavenging activity. Consequently, Citrus limon extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-biofilm potential against foodborne pathogens

New Geosite Candidates at the Western Termination of the Büyük Menderes Graben and their Importance on Science Education

The Buyuk Menderes Graben (BMG) is one of the best-known and the largest geological structure of the West Anatolian Extensional Province. It includes two nature conservation parks and twelve cultural heritage sites within and in its vicinity. Four geologically distinct features/locations within and in the vicinity of the BMG have been previously enlisted as geosite candidates in the provisional Geological Heritage Inventory of Turkey compiled in 2002 by the Turkish Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage (JEMRKO): (1) the horst-graben structure of the Buyuk Menderes region itself, (2) the tafoni from the augen-gneiss from the east of Bafa Lake, (3) the zultanite crystals from the northeast of lbir Mountain, and (4) the tourmaline (dravite) crystals from the Camzal, Cine. In the current study, we are introducing additional three new geosite candidates at the western termination of the BMG with three different main geological subjects. The first one is the Yavansu Fault. Located 2 km south of the Kuadas village, it has a clearly exposed unique fault surface which is one of the best examples of structural indicators for the WAEP with respect to the normal faulting events. The second one is located in the Hisartepe Volcanics exposed between Kuadas and Soke, and consists of basaltic lava flows with remarkable prismatic cooling joints and a gorgeous feeder dome reaching up to 150 m height. Final suggestion is the Karina marine fan-delta complex located at the south-eastern border of the Dilek Peninsula National Park. This fan-delta complex is the largest one in the Western Anatolian scale and has remarkable paragon outcrops up to 20 m high between Doanbey and Karina Lagoon