Analysis of anthraquinone secondary metabolites produced by Geosmithia spp.

Studium antrachinonových sekundárních metabolitů hub rodu Geosmithia Zdena Křesinová V rámci studia sekundárních metabolitů hub rodu Geosmithia, žijícími v asociaci s dřevokaznými ambrósiovými brouky, byl proveden screening fialově zbarvených pigmentů Geosmithia lavendula (kmen MK 1008) s cílem objasnit strukturu metabolitů a kvantifikovat jejich produkci při submerzní kultivaci na tekutém médiu. Bylo izolováno pět strukturně podobných metabolitů - polyhydroxylovaných antrachinonů (HAs). Tři majoritní metabolity byly plně identifikovány pomocí NMR a MS jako 1,3,6,8- tetrahydroxyantrachinon (1), rhodolamprometrin (1-acetyl-2,4,5,7- tetrahydroxyantrachinon, 2), a 1-acetyl-2-,4,5,7,8-pentahydroxyantrachinon (3). Izolace a kvantifikace HAs v extracelulární tekutině a myceliu se skládala z extrakčních a purifikačních kroků (SPE, semi-preparativní HPLC / UV) a analytické metody (UPLC / UV). Vývoj vhodné analytické metody zahrnoval optimalizaci separačních podmínek pro dva typy UPLC kolon s částicemi sorbentu menšími než 2 µm ve srovnání s HPLC kolonou obsahující sorbent s velikostí částic 5 µm. Kolona Shield RP C18 byla následně použita pro kvantifikaci produkce HAs v průběhu kultivace. Kalibrační křivky pro metabolity 2 a 3 byly v rozmezí 1,95 až 1000 g mL-1 s korelačními koeficienty 0,999. Limity...Analysis of anthraquinone secondary metabolites produced by Geosmithia spp. Zdena Křesinová Geosmithia species are little known fungal symbionts of bark beetles. Secondary metabolites from lilac colored species G. lavendula (strain MK 1008) and nine other Geosmithia species were investigated in order to elucidate their structures and quantify their production during submerged cultivation. Five hydroxylated anthraquinones (HAs) were isolated from culture media during submerged cultivation of the fungi and three of them were identified using NMR and MS techniques as 1,3,6,8- tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (1), rhodolamprometrin (1-acetyl-2,4,5,7- tetrahydroxyanthraquinone; 2), and 1-acetyl-2,4,5,7,8-pentahydroxyanthraquinone (3). Preparation, quantification and identification of HAs in fungal samples involved a SPE step, semi-preparative HPLC/UV and UPLC/UV methods. For optimization of analytical methods, separation qualities of two types of reversed phase sub-2-micron particle sized columns and one 5-micron particle sized column were tested. The most efficient Sheild RP C18 column filled with 1.7 µm particles was then used for quantification of HAs production during the cultivation period. Calibration curves for metabolites 2 and 3 (representing the majority of produced metabolites) were determined in...Department of Analytical ChemistryKatedra analytické chemieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Comparison of chosen Czech and German secondary school history textbooks focusing on the expulsion of German population after World War II and its didactic concept

This thesis deals with a comparison of selected Czech and German secondary school history textbooks with a focus on the topic of the expulsion of the German population after World War II. The theoretical part is devoted to the characteristics of the school systems of both countries (in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany using the example of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia), the subject of history in Czech and German curricular documents and content in the selected textbooks. In the next chapter, the textbooks are analysed from the point of view of the presentation of the content in verbal and illustrative form, as well as from the point of view of the apparatus of orientation and management of the acquisition of the subject matter. This is followed by a chapter on the historical background of Czech-German relations. The analytical part of the thesis includes the content and understanding of the topic in Czech and German textbooks, an analysis of the working parts of the textbooks and a questionnaire survey. In the last part, teaching options of this topic are proposed. The aim of the thesis is to compare selected Czech and German history textbooks in terms of structure, presentation of the material and content. The main aim of the thesis is to compare the treatment of the topic of the...Tato diplomová práce se zabývá srovnáním vybraných středoškolských českých a německých učebnic dějepisu se zaměřením na zpracování tématu odsunu německého obyvatelstva po druhé světové válce. Teoretická část je věnovaná charakteristice vzdělávacích systémů obou zemí (v případě Spolkové republiky Německo na příkladu spolkové země Severní Porýní Vestfálsko), předmětu dějepis v českých i německých kurikulárních dokumentech a obsahu ve vybraných učebnicích. V další kapitole jsou rozebrány učebnice z hlediska prezentace učiva formou slovní a názornou, dále z hlediska aparátu orientačního a řídícího osvojování učiva. Následuje kapitola o historickém pozadí česko-německých vztahů. Analytická část práce zahrnuje obsah a uchopení tématu v českých i německých učebnicích, rozbor pracovních částí učebnic a dotazníkové šetření. V poslední části jsou navržené možnosti výuky o tomto tématu. Cílem diplomové práce je srovnat vybrané české a německé učebnice dějepisu z hlediska struktury, prezentace učiva či obsahu. Stěžejním cílem práce je srovnání zpracování tématu odsunu německého obyvatelstva po druhé světové válce v obou učebnicích. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA učebnice, srovnání, odsun německého obyvatelstva, vyšší gymnázia, Česká republika, Spolková republika Německo, Severní Porýní-VestfálskoKatedra dějin a didaktiky dějepisuFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Microbial degradation of 17alfa-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A

17ethinylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BA) are endocrine disrupting compounds (ED). ED have a negative influence on animals and human hormonal systems animals, and thus they are serious envronmental contaminants. This work was focused on biodegradtion of EE2 and BA using 8 white rot fungi strains in liquid media. Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Irpex lacteus were able to remove both ED under detection limit (initial concetration was 10 ppm) during the first three days of cultivation. In contrary, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was not able to degrade both ED durin 2 weaks long cultivatio

BATCH BIOREACTORS: WASTE WATER ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR BIODEGRADATION BY WHITE ROT FUNGI

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are members of a broad class of environmental organopollutants which are present in the environment. Due to the widespread presence in the surface water and wastewater, and their negative endocrine disrupting activity even at very low concentration, these EDs have received an increased attention in water quality management and health care. EDs encompass a variety of substances, including mammalian hormones (estrogens, androgens) and anthropogenic chemical

Fungal Biodegradation of Endocrine Disruptors

This dissertation thesis contains scientific results attained in the field of bioremediation. The major part of the results has been published in international journals in 7 papers. In addition, relevant yet unpublished results have been included too. The first thematic part describes the screening of the degradation ability of white rot fungi (WRF). In the screening, several endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDs; bisphenol A, triclosan, 4-nonylphenol and 17α-ethinylestradiol) were degraded by 8 different fungal strains in the presence of liquid medium. The most promising strains were used for the degradation of an ED mixture (synthetic and natural estrogens) in the presence of a straw substrate. Attention was paid to the evaluation of stimulation or suppression of enzyme activities during the biodegradation processes and changes in residual estrogenic activity. Pleurotus ostreatus, Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor showed the highest degradation ability under both cultivation conditions. On the contrary, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to date the most studied representative of white rot fungi, did not degrade bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at all. Two review articles have been published to summarize the origin, presence and biodegradation of EDs, mainly EE2, in the environment. The..

Fungal Biodegradation of Endocrine Disruptors

This dissertation thesis contains scientific results attained in the field of bioremediation. The major part of the results has been published in international journals in 7 papers. In addition, relevant yet unpublished results have been included too. The first thematic part describes the screening of the degradation ability of white rot fungi (WRF). In the screening, several endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDs; bisphenol A, triclosan, 4-nonylphenol and 17α-ethinylestradiol) were degraded by 8 different fungal strains in the presence of liquid medium. The most promising strains were used for the degradation of an ED mixture (synthetic and natural estrogens) in the presence of a straw substrate. Attention was paid to the evaluation of stimulation or suppression of enzyme activities during the biodegradation processes and changes in residual estrogenic activity. Pleurotus ostreatus, Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor showed the highest degradation ability under both cultivation conditions. On the contrary, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to date the most studied representative of white rot fungi, did not degrade bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at all. Two review articles have been published to summarize the origin, presence and biodegradation of EDs, mainly EE2, in the environment. The..

Secondary metabolites of Geosmythia lavendula

Katedra analytické chemieDepartment of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult