Contribution of heme oxygenase 2 to blood pressure regulation in response to swimming exercise and detraining in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Background: We aimed to determine the effects of exercise followed by detraining on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) expression, and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to explain the role of carbon monoxide (CO) in this process. Material/Methods: Animals were randomized into exercised and detrained groups. Corresponding sedentary rats were grouped as Time 1–2. Swimming of 60 min/5 days/week for 10 weeks was applied. Detraining rats discontinued training for an additional 5 weeks. Gene and protein expressions were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Aorta HO-2 histological scores (HSCORE) of hypertensive rats were lower, while SBP was higher. Swimming caused enhancement of HO-2 immunostaining in aorta endothelium and adventitia of SHR. Exercise induced elevation of blood COHb index in SHR. Synchronous BP lowering effect of exercise was observed. HO-2 mRNA expression, HSCORE, and blood COHb index were unaltered during detraining, while SBP was still low in SHR. Conclusions: CO synthesized by HO-2 at least partly plays a role in SBP regulation in the SHR-and BP-lowering effect of exercise. Regular exercise with short-term pauses may be advised to both hypertensives and individuals who are at risk. © Med Sci Monit

Impaired Hemorheology in Exacerbations of COPD

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation. Cardiovascular-related comorbidities are established to contribute to morbidity and mortality especially during exacerbations. The aim of the current study was to determine alterations in hemorheology (erythrocyte aggregation, deformability) in newly diagnosed COPD patients and their response to medical treatment and to compare with values of COPD patients with exacerbations. Materials and Methods. The study comprised 13 COPD patients, 12 controls, and 16 COPD patients with exacerbations. The severity of COPD was determined according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines. Red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation were measured by an ektacytometer. Results. RBC deformability of COPD patients with exacerbations was decreased compared to the other groups. Erythrocyte aggregation and plasma fibrinogen of COPD patients determined during exacerbations were higher than control. Conclusion. Decreased RBC deformability and increased aggregation associated with exacerbations of COPD may serve as unfavorable mechanisms to worsen oxygenation and thus clinical symptoms of the patient. Treatment modalities that modify rheological parameters might be beneficial. © 2017 Erhan Ugurlu et al

Acute effects of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercises on hemorheological parameters: A pilot study

BACKGROUND: Acute hemorheological responses to different types of aerobic exercises have never been compared in a single study in healthy people.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare acute effects of high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on hemorheological parameters, in healthy young subjects.METHODS: A total of 34 sedentary young adults (12 males, 22 females) with a mean age of 20.0±2.1 years were randomly assigned to HIIE, MICE or non-exercise groups. MICE exercised at the power corresponding to 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) continuously for 25 min. HIIE exercised at the power corresponding to 100% of HRR for 30 s followed by 30 s rest for 25 min. The non-exercise group rested. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise and studied for blood count, whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV) and red blood cell (RBC) elongation at nine different shear stresses.RESULTS: WBV, PV, RBC elongation of MICE and HIIE groups were not found to be statistically different from each other or from the non-exercise group. Compared to the non-exercise group, there was a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) and RBC counts in the MICE group.CONCLUSIONS: Different types of aerobic exercises, namely MICE, HIIE are not different from each other in terms of hemorheological parameters immediately after exercise. © 2014-IOS Press and the authors

Randomize kontrollü bir çalışma: sağlıklı genç erkeklerde 10 haftalık Nordic Hamstring egzersiz eğitimi ve onu izleyen egzersizi bırakma süreçlerinin etkiler

Purpose: Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) is used to increase hamstring muscle strength, prevent injuries. We aimed to reveal the acute, long-term effects of NHE, followed by detraining on demographic measurements, flexibility, anaerobic power, damage, fatigue, oxidative stress, blood lactate levels. Material and method: A total of 40 sedentary healthy male participated the experiments. 20 of them underwent 10 weeks of progressive NHE followed by detraining. Muscle architecture was determined by ultrasonography, strain ratio by elastography. Anaerobic power was assessed by standing long jump, vertical jump, flexibility by sit reach tests. Creatine kinase activity, oxidant/antioxidant parameters were measured from venous blood by commercial kits. Results: NHE allowed subjects to lose weight, which was reversed by detraining of 5 weeks. Exercise caused an increase in knee angles that wasn't affected by detraining. 10-week NHE caused a partially reversed increase in anaerobic performance upon detraining. NHE resulted in increment of biceps femoris long head area, pennation angle which were reversed by detraining of 10-weeks. Blood lactate, muscle pain, fatigue were increased after each exercise session. NHE didn't change oxidative stress but, 5-week detraining resulted in an increase in total oxidant capacity, oxidative stress index. Detraining of 10 weeks caused a reduction of these parameters. Conclusions: It has been observed that most of the gains obtained with 10-week progressive NHE are reversed with 5-week detraining. These results may guide the selection of the exercise type to increase performance and muscle strength