Divan of Tabiboglu from Kerkuk

Çok eski zamanlardan beri Irak’ta yerleşik olan Türkmenlerin kendilerine özgü bir kültürleri ve edebiyatları oluşmuştur. Musul, Kerkük, Erbil, Bağdat gibi Türk coğrafyalarını kapsayan Irak Türkmen edebiyatı, ilk yazılı ürününü İmadeddin Nesîmî El-Bağdadî’nin eseriyle 14.yy’da oluşturmuştur. Bu yüzyıldan önce sözlü kültürleriyle var olan Irak Türkmen edebiyatı, 14.yy’dan sonra yazılı edebiyatıyla da var olmaya devam etmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin bu topraklar üzerindeki hakimiyeti 1918 yılında son bulmuştur. Özellikle Kerkük edebiyatı 1918’e kadar Azerbaycan ve Anadolu Türkleri edebiyatı ile paralel bir şekilde gelişmiştir. 19.yy’da Tanzimat’ın etkisiyle Anadolu’daki edebiyat modern bir çizgiye doğru ilerlerken, Kerkük edebiyatında Klâsik Türk edebiyatı eserleri verilmeye devam etmiştir. Bu alanda eserler veren şâirlerden biri de Tabiboğlu’dur. Asıl adı Abdullah olan Tabiboğlu, M. 1836’da Kerkük’te doğmuştur. Hanefi mezhebine mensup olan Tabiboğlu, Kadirî tarikatına sevgi besleyen dindar bir adamdır. Divanında ve diğer eserlerinde mutasavvıf kişiliğinin izleri görülmektedir. Tabiboğlu, Klâsik Türk edebiyatının nazım türleri ve şekillerini kullanarak şekil ve muhteva açısından mükemmele yakın denilebilecek bir divan meydana getirmiştir. Divan müretteb bir şekilde yazılmıştır ve gazelleri elifba sırasına göre düzenlenmiştir. Manzumeleri arasında “tercî-i bend-i bahariye” ile “muhammes bağçenamesi” risale teşkil edecek kadar uzundur. Bu çalışmada, şâirin hayatı ve bahsedilen divanı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Klâsik Türk edebiyatına yeni bir eser çalışması kazandırmak ve aynı zamanda Kerkük edebiyatının hak ettiği değere kavuşmasına katkıda bulunmaktır.The Turkomans, who had been living in Iraq since ancient times, had a unique culture and literature. Iraqi Turkmen literature, which includes Turkish geographies such as Mosul, Kirkuk, Erbil, Baghdad, formed its first written product in the 14th century with the work of Imadeddin Nesim al-Baghdadi. The Iraqi Turkmen literature, which had existed with its oral cultures before this century, continued to exist in written literature after the 14th century. The domination of the Ottoman Empire on these lands ended in 1918. Kirkuk literature developed especially in parallel with the literature of Azerbaijan and Anatolian Turks until 1918. While the literature in Anatolia was moving towards a modern line in the 19th century, the works of Classical Turkish literature in Kirkuk literature continued to be given. Tabiboğlu is one of the poets who gave works in this field. Tabiboğlu, whose real name is Abdullah, was born in 1836 in Kirkuk. Tabiboğlu, a member of the Hanafi sect, is a devout man who loves the Qadi. In his Divan and his other works, traces of the mystic person are seen. Tabiboglu, the verse types and shapes of classical Turkish literature in terms of shape and content can be called a near-perfect divan. The crew of the divan was written in a way and the ghazels were arranged in the order of elifba. Among the verses, “tercî-i bend-i bahariye” and “muhammes bagçenamesi” are long enough. This divan, where the topics are discussed in a short, simple manner and where there are many indigenous discourses, has not been published or published before. In this study, the life of the poet and its divan will be examined. The aim of the study is to give a new work on Classical Turkish literature and also to contribute to the value that Kirkuk literature deserves

Cerebral microvascular endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate blood − brain barrier function

Abstract Autoreactive T lymphocytes crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the central nervous system (CNS) play a crucial role in the initiation of demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by BBB endothelial cells (BBB-EC) have emerged as a unique form of cell-to-cell communication that contributes to cerebrovascular dysfunction. However, the precise impact of different size-based subpopulations of BBB-EC-derived EV (BBB-EV) on the early stages of MS remains unclear. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the content and function of distinct BBB-EV subpopulations in regulating BBB integrity and their role in T cell transendothelial migration, both in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that BBB-ECs release two distinct size based EV populations, namely small EV (sEV; 30-150 nm) and large EV (lEV; 150-300 nm), with a significantly higher secretion of sEV during inflammation. Notably, the expression patterns of cytokines and adhesion markers differ significantly between these BBB-EV subsets, indicating specific functional differences in the regulation of T cell migration. Through in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that lEV, which predominantly reflect their cellular source, play a major role in BBB integrity loss and the enhanced migration of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17.1 cells. Conversely, sEV appear to protect BBB function by inducing an anti-inflammatory phenotype in BBB-EC. These findings align with our in vivo data, where the administration of sEV to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) results in lower disease severity compared to the administration of lEV, which exacerbates disease symptoms. In conclusion, our study highlights the distinct and opposing effects of BBB-EV subpopulations on the BBB, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of BBB-EV in the context of MS